选择性腰升静泳造影与碘水脊髓造影对腰椎间盘突出的诊断价值

52例疑为L_(4-5)或L_5～S_1椎间盘突出的患者,同时行选择性腰升静脉造影(SALV)和碘水脊髓造影.43例手术和病理证实46个椎间盘突出.本文对两种检查方法诊断准确性,适应性和并发症进行了比较.临床疑诊为腰椎间盘突出者,脊髓造影可疑或正常,SALV是有诊断价值的.     

Imaging of thoracic and lumbar spinal extradural arachnoid cysts: report of two cases

Extradural arachnoid cysts are uncommon expanding lesions in the spinal canal which may communicate with the subarachnoid space. Usually in the lower thoracic spine, they may cause symptoms by compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots. We report cases of thoracic and lumbar arachnoid cysts studied by cystography, myelography, CT and MRI. These techniques showed extradural cystic lesions containing cerebrospinal fluid, with variable communication with the subarachnoid space, causing anterior displacement and flattening of the spinal cord. Received: 3 November 1995 Accepted: 16 April 1996     

多排螺旋CT椎管造影术前评价腰椎间盘突出症

在脊柱外科手术中腰椎间盘突出症的比例越来越高。而正确的术前评价是保证手术疗效良好的因素之一。本组选择临床诊断腰椎间盘突出症39例,并经低毒低渗非离子型造影剂椎管造影及多排螺旋CT椎管造影(myelography and multi-spiral CTscanning,MSCTM)检查,现就其在腰椎间盘突出症     

Appearances of posterior osteophytes after sound anterior interbody fusion in the cervical spine: a high-definition computed myelographic study

Summary Whether posterior osteophytes in the cervical spine resorb after anterior interbody fusion is controversial. Previous studies have only used plain films. In order to study remodelling, a retrospective study of 53 patients using high-definition CT was performed. There was no evidence of remodelling or resorption of osteophytes and persistent osteophytes continued to deform the spinal cord for up to 12 years after fusion. The importance of this in relation to cervical spinal surgery is that every effort should be made to remove posterior osteophytes during anterior interbody fusion.     

Multiple subcortical haemorrhages following lumbar metrizamide myelography

Summary The case is presented of a patient showing multiple subcortical haemorrhages after lumbar metrizamide myelography. This complication after intrathecally administered metrizamide contrast medium appears not to have been reported before. Several different possible explanations are proposed for the phenomena observed in this case.     

Myelography with a dimeric (iodixanol) and a monomeric (iohexol) contrast medium: a clinical multicentre comparative study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the radiographic efficacy and safety of iodixanol (Visipaque; 270 and 320 mg I/ml) and iohexol (Omnipaque; 300 mg I/ml) in myelography. The study was randomized, double-blind and comparative including 398 patients from five European university clinics. The radiographic visualisation was evaluated as poor, good or excellent. Adverse events were recorded by interviewing the patients after the myelography, and each patient was given a questionnaire to be returned after 1 week. In cervical myelography with cervical puncture more films with excellent quality was obtained after iodixanol 320 mgI/ml compared with iohexol 300 mgI/ml (p = 0.009). Also in lumbar myelography iodixanol 320 mgI/ml compared favourably with iohexol 300 mgI/ml (p = 0.006). The most frequent adverse event was headache, which occurred in 5–35 % of patients during the first 24 h and in 19–61 % within the first 7 days, depending on the centre. There was no difference in frequency and severity of the adverse effects between the contrast media. Received 13 March 1997; Revision received 29 December 1997; Accepted 5 January 1997     

Utility of heavily T2-weighted MR myelography as the first step in CSF leak detection and the planning of epidural blood patches

Heavily T2-weighted MR myelography (HT2W-MRM) is emerging as an alternative approach for detection and follow up of CSF leaks. We aimed to assess epidural blood patch (EBP) treatment outcome when using HT2W-MRM as the primary modality for detecting CSF leak and planning EBP placement in routine clinical practice. Since 2018, patients at our institute suspected of having CSF leak, routinely HT2W-MRM instead of CT myelography to determine presence of the leak and identify the EBP target site. Fifty-nine consecutive patients suspected of having a CSF leak underwent HT2W-MRM. After excluding patients with subdural hematoma and poor image quality, 26 (10 men, 16 women; mean age 44.92 ± 12.6 years) patients were included in this study. Patients received EBP on the basis of HT2W-MRM assessments and clinical assessment. Imaging findings and clinical outcome were evaluated. CSF leak was identified in 21 patients (80.8%, 21/26) based HT2W-MRM. Most cases were graded on a confidence scale as CSF leak definitely (n = 13) or probably (n = 3) present. Successful clinical EBP treatment was achieved in 14 of 17 patients (82.4%) after first targeted EBP, and patient symptoms significantly improved after treatment (numerical rating score 6.4 before EBP, 1.3 after EBP, P < 0.001). HT2W-MRM based EBP are the rational and effective choices for CSF leak treatment in routine clinical practice.     

Delayed occurrence of spinal arachnoiditis following a caudal block

Abstract

Context

Spinal arachnoiditis is a rare disease caused by fibrosis and adhesion of the arachnoid membrane due to chronic inflammation. The causes of arachnoiditis are infection, spinal surgery, intraspinal injection of steroid or myelography dye, and spinal anesthesia.

Method

Case report.

Findings

A 60-year-old woman presented with progressive weakness and sensory change of both legs and urinary symptoms. She had received a single caudal block 6 months before symptom onset. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoraco-lumbar spine showed an intradural extramedullary tumor at the T5–T7 level. She underwent laminectomy and tumor resection. The pathological finding was arachnoiditis. After surgery, a rehabilitation program of strengthening exercises of both lower extremities and gait training was started. At 2-month follow-up, she was able to walk with orthoses and performed daily activities with minimal assistance.

Conclusion

Symptoms of spinal arachnoiditis occurred 6 months after a single caudal block in this woman. Clinicians should be aware of this possible delayed complication.     

Influence of myelography on the developmental curve of auditory brainstem responses and hearing loss

Auditory threshold and auditory brainstem response studies were conducted in 50 patients before and after myelography. Analysis of amplitudes and latencies of auditory brainstem measurements demonstrated significant disorders of function of the cochlea and auditory pathway. The Jewett I wave showed a prolongation of latency from 1.92 to 1.98 ms using an average of all repetition rates. The Jewett III wave showed prolongation from 4.01 to 4.14 ms and the Jewett V wave prolongation from 6.01 to 6.16 ms. At the same time average amplitudes for Jewett III and V decreased. In most of the patients these disorders of function were found to be subclinical. However, 12 patients had changes ranging from a subjectively slight hearing loss to an audiometrically defined acute hearing loss. The reasons for these disorders could not be clarified. An open cochlear aqueduct through which perilymph can enter the subarachnoid space, leading to secondary endolymphatic hydrops, was suggested as the cause for the losses found. Changes in brainstem audiometry were also explained by changes in osmolality of inner ear fluids, leading to the development of an endolymphatic hydrops.