Midterm results of mobile-bearing knee replacements

We examined the clinical and radiographic results of 93 patients affected by knee arthritis or osteonecrosis subjected to unilateral cementless mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty with the LCS prothesis (Depuy/Johnson & Johnson). The mean follow-up was 9.5 years (range, 7–12 years). Clinical evaluation was performed using the Knee Society rating system, while radiographic evaluation was done according to the Knee Society roentgenographic system. At the latest follow-up, the mean knee score was 87 points: the functional score improved from 40 to 90. Radiolucent lines were small and not progressive. The implant survival at 12 years was 88%. Six knees (7%) required revision for implant-related problems. We conclude that the mobile-bearing prosthesis is a successful device even at long-term follow-up.     

乌克兰居民在切尔诺贝利核电站事故后的健康状况

本文报告了切尔诺贝利事故后受到影响的乌克兰三个人群(救援人员、30km区域内撤离人员、儿童和少年)在1990～2004年间健康状况的观察结果.受害者的总人数有22.5万人.受照剂量在0.25～0.70Gy的救援人员有7 400人.观察的指标有随机性效应(甲状腺癌、白血病、妇女乳腺癌和其他恶性肿瘤的发病率)和确定性效应(急性放射病、白内障、非肿瘤性疾病,以及儿童和少年的健康状况),证明上述人群中这些效应的危险性有所增加.报告还分析了非照射因素在这些效应发生中所起的作用,说明这些疾病在发病原因上的多样性.     

非对称区域折射型多焦点人工晶状体植入术后中期临床效果的研究

目的探讨SBL-3新型区域折射型多焦点人工晶状体(MIOL)植入术后的中期临床效果。 方法前瞻性研究。选取2016年6月至2018年1月在成都爱尔眼科医院诊断为年龄相关性白内障,并行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入的患者59例(87只眼)为研究对象。根据植入人工晶状体类型的不同分为两组。其中,30例(40只眼)植入SBL-3新型区域折射多焦点人工晶状体为多焦组;29例(47只眼)植入Softec HD单焦点人工晶状体为单焦组。术后随访3~12个月,记录术后裸眼远距离(5 m)、中距离(80 cm)、近距离(40 cm)的裸眼视力,矫正远视力及术后等效球镜屈光度;利用VF-14量表行主观问卷调查;对术后眩光的发生率、日常生活老视眼镜依赖与否进行问卷记录;采用双通道视觉质量分析系统测量客观散射指数(OSI)、调制传递函数截止空间频率(MTF cutoff)、斯特尔比值(SR)、对比度视力(包含100%、20%及9%三种)及调节幅度等指标。单焦组和多焦组两组患者各个指标的比较采用独立样本t检验,术前术后的比较采用配对t检验。 结果单焦组与多焦组患者术后裸眼远距离视力均较术前有显著提高,差异有统计学意义(t＝-10.859,-13.382;P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组术后等效球镜屈光度差异无统计学意义(t＝1.370,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后裸眼远距离视力分别为(0.87±0.17)与(0.82±0.21),差异无统计学意义(t＝-1.129,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后矫正远距离视力分别为(0.91±0.13)与(0.91±0.14),差异无统计学意义(t＝0.081,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后裸眼中距离视力分别为(0.70±0.17)与(0.54±0.22),差异具有统计学意义(t＝-3.888,P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后裸眼近距离视力分别为(0.71±0.20)与(0.28±0.10),差异具有统计学意义(t＝-12.340,P<0.05)。单焦组与多焦点组患者采用VF-14表评分分别为(75.39±10.30)与(97.50±4.50),前者低于后者,差异有统计学意义(t＝-9.837,P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者对老视眼镜的依赖程度分别为5%(2/40)与93.6%(44/47),差异有统计学意义(χ²＝68.104,P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后眩光的发生率分别为7.5%(3/40)与4.26%(2/47),差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.035,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者的MTF cutoff分别为(24.17±7.68)c/deg与(27.00±10.98)c/deg,差异无统计学意义(t＝1.398,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者的OSI分别为(2.0±0.7)与(1.7±0.8),差异无有统计学意义(t＝-2.139,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者的SR分别为(0.13±0.03)与(0.15±0.06),差异有统计学意义(t＝2.130,P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者在100%、20%及9%对比度视力比较,差异均无统计学意义(t＝1.545,1.886,1.968;P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术眼调节幅度分别为(2.30±0.80)D与(1.60±0.70)D,差异有统计学意义(t＝-3.600,P<0.05)。 结论SBL-3新型区域折射多焦点人工晶状体可以提供较好的全程视力和视觉质量,术后患者满意度较高。     

Course of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) in siblings: a clinical comparison of 20 sibships

Forty-two children out of 20 sibships with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease were observed pro- and retrospectively over a mean period of 3.7 years in a long-term study on cystic kidney diseases in children. The intra- and interfamilial variability in terms of age at diagnosis, administration of antihypertensive therapy, liver affection, and renal function were evaluated. According to the 1971 subclassification of Blyth & Ockenden, defining different grades of severity, 12 patients were assigned to the perinatal, nine to the neonatal, 13 to the infantile, and eight to the juvenile subtype of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. In 11 of the 20 families different subtypes were observed among affected siblings. In seven families, affected sibs belonged to adjacent subtypes, while major intrafamilial differences were observed in only four families. The defined subtypes, therefore, cannot be regarded as appropriate in distinguishing genetic groups of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. With respect to the severity of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, there is a wide spectrum of phenotypic manifestations, ranging from stillbirths to mildly affected adults, while intrafamilial variability of the clinical picture is generally small with multiple allelism as the most likely genetic explanation. Age at death, however, showed gross variation in eight sibships. Differences in the clinical course between several siblings cannot be explained by a sex influence in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.     

Primary total hip arthroplasty for displaced intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck: Medium-term functional and radiographic outcomes

The number of complications after primary total hip arthroplasty for displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck is higher than that after operations for osteoarthritis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the number of complications and mid-term functional and radiological findings of patients after primary THA for displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck. Between 1995 and 1998, we operated on a total of 89 patients for acute displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck, i.e. Garden Type 3 and 4. In all the patients we evaluated intraoperative and early postoperative complications. We reviewed clinical and radiological results in 65 patients. The only intraoperative complication was abruption of the greater trochanter. Early postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (15%). The specific complications, THA dislocation, occurred in 3 patients. Non-specific complications were recorded in 10 patients. No delayed healing of the surgical wound, neural lesion or early, delayed or late infection was recorded. Of 65 patients followed-up for an average of 78 months (range, 62–109 months), 8 patients underwent revision surgery. Of 57 patients with primary THA, very good and good clinical results according to the Harris Hip Score were recorded in 48 patients (84%) and poor results in only 2 patients (4%). Nine of 57 followed-up patients showed radiological signs of loosening (16%). The radiolucent line could be seen in 3 patients in the region of the cup, in 1 patient in the region of the femoral component and in 5 patients in both components. Clinical complaints that would result in indication for reimplantation were recorded in none of the mentioned patients. Number of complications, functional results and resumption of full self-reliance by patients after THA for an intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck are so positive that we consider the indication of THA for a displaced femoral neck fracture fully justified.     

国产西莫罗司洗脱支架和新型紫杉醇洗脱支架在冠状动脉病变治疗中的对比研究和1年随访

目的比较国产西莫罗司洗脱支架(EXCEL)和新型紫杉醇洗脱支架(TAXUS Liberte)在临床使用的有效性和安全性。方法符合行冠状动脉疾病介入治疗的患者,随机选择EXCEL和TAXUS Liberte支架治疗,其中EXCEL组55例,TAXUS组51例。比较两组的基础临床资料、冠状动脉造影参数,术后1年内随访死亡、心肌梗死、支架内血栓和靶血管血运重建等不良事件,部分患者6~12月内冠状动脉造影随访,比较再狭窄率、晚期管腔丢失。结果两组基本临床参数,支架植入前冠状动脉造影参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组死亡、心肌梗死、支架内血栓和靶血管血运重建等单个不良事件差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。总不良事件EXCEL组1.8%,TAXUS组11.8%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。造影随访,EXCEL组晚期管腔丢失(0.15±0.10)mm,TAXUS组是(0.26±0.08)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论两种支架在临床均显示了较高的安全性和较好的有效性,可以作为介入治疗的一线选择,国产EXCEL支架在某些方面更有优势,值得推广。     

米非司酮联合依沙吖啶终止瘢痕子宫中期妊娠疗效观察

目的研究观察米非司酮联合依沙吖啶终止瘢痕子宫中期妊娠的疗效和安全性。方法选择2009年1月～2011年1月在本院孕14～27周因医学原因或计划外妊娠的孕妇80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,对照组予依沙吖啶终止瘢痕子宫中期妊娠,观察组予米非司酮联合依沙吖啶终止瘢痕子宫中期妊娠,比较两组的引产成功率、宫缩发动时间、总产程、产后出血量、平均住院时间。结果观察组引产成功率100%,对照组引产成功率95.0%,两组引产率比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。观察组产妇宫缩发动时间、总产程、平均住院时间均明显短于对照组,观察组产妇产后出血量明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论米非司酮联合依沙吖啶联合用于瘢痕子宫妊娠中期提高了引产的成功率,二者联用明显缩短引产和总产程时间,且可以降低产后出血及软产道损伤的风险,具有引产成功率高、安全性高、并发症少的优点,值得临床推广应用。     

雷凡诺尔中期引产孕妇血清SP_1、hPL、hCG水平测定

本文应用放射免疫法对雷凡诺尔引产孕妇进行了血清SP_1、hPL、hCG水平测定,其结果血清SP_1、hPL、hCG于注药前、注药后24小时、流产或流产后4小时内,逐渐下降。作者认为雷凡诺尔引产并非药物对子宫机械性刺激及药物本身作用引起宫缩导致流产,而是同时伴有胎盘功能改变,从而导致血清SP_1、hPL、hCG含量下降。     

经内窥镜微波治疗膀胱肿瘤远期疗效观察

应用经内窥镜微汉治疗膀胱肿瘤１０７例，对其中８７例进行了３年以上的远期随访，随访率为８１．３％，结果肿瘤的５年复发率Ｔａ期为４４．０％，Ｔ１期为５２．８％，患者５年生存率分别为７６．０％和７５．０％，对其中合并春他严重疾病的患者也取得了较为满意的临床效果，认为经内单窥镜微波治疗早期分化较好的膀胱肿瘤方法简便易行，疗效可靠，对不能耐受手术的晚期肿瘤患者也不失为一种姑息性疗法。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇中期引产的临床观察

目的:研究米非司酮配伍米索前列醇中期引产的临床效果。方法:16~27周妊娠要求引产妇女270例,其中研究组米非司酮配伍米索前列醇120例,对照组水囊宫腔置入结合催产素静点150例。结果:研究组与对照组24h内引产成功率分别为97.5%、80%(P<0.01);48h内引产成功率分别为99.17%、92%(P<0.05)。结论:16~27周妊娠中期引产,米非司酮配伍米索前列醇效果优于水囊引产。