Patient and Procedure-related Characteristics Correlated With Severity of Hemoptysis Following Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Biopsy: Results of a 10-year Retrospective Review

PurposeA risk of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) is hemoptysis, which can range from mild to life-threatening. The reported occurrence of hemoptysis is 1.7% to 14.5%, and the demographic, patient, and procedure characteristics have not been extensively described. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations of demographic, patient, and procedure characteristics with the severity of hemoptysis.Materials and MethodsA single institution, single group, retrospective, electronic medical record (EMR) review was performed on all hemoptysis events occurring between 2008 and 2018. Demographic, clinical, and procedure variables were extracted from EMRs. Outcome of hemoptysis events was graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Mild-moderate and severe hemoptysis were defined as CTCAE classifications of 1-2 and 3-5, respectively. Associations were generated using logistic regressions and Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square tests.ResultsIn 10 years, 14,665 PTNB resulted in 231 hemoptysis events occurring in 229 patients; 12.7% (n = 29) of those were severe. The strongest and statistically significant variables associated with an increased likelihood of a severe event, if an event occurred, were cigarette pack years (OR = 1.02, 95% C.I. = 1.01-1.04, p = .020); history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR = 3.68, 95% C.I. = 1.53-8.82, p = .003); core biopsy technique (OR = 8.13, 95% CI = 1.07, 61.40, p = .042), and larger diameter needle (20 g vs. 18 g: OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.09, 6.17, p = .031).ConclusionsPTNB-associated hemoptysis was an uncommon event that was rarely life-threatening. The extent of the patient’s smoking history, the diagnosis of COPD, and core biopsy technique were associated with an increased likelihood of severe hemoptysis.     

比较隐源性咯血和慢性肺结核咯血动脉造影表现及栓塞治疗效果

目的比较顽固性隐源性咯血(CH)和慢性肺结核(CTB)咯血的动脉造影表现特点及介入栓塞治疗效果。方法对17例顽固性CH患者(CH组)及20例CTB咯血患者(TB组)行责任血管栓塞,比较两组责任血管数目、非支气管体循环动脉(NBSA)参与供血血管数目、血管造影表现及栓塞后中远期效果。结果 TB组人均责任血管数目、NBSA参与供血血管数目多于CH组(t'=5.469,t=5.212,P0.01);TB组血管增粗、纡曲、富血管化、BP分流及动静脉瘘的发生率均高于CH组(P均0.05)。TB组术后2年复发率高于CH组(P0.01)。CH组和TB组并发症发生率分别为64.71%(11/17)、95.00%(19/20),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论支气管动脉是CH的主要责任血管。CTB咯血因存在大量NBSA供血,责任血管复杂。CTB咯血复发率高,与栓塞不彻底有关。根据造影特点选择栓塞剂及决定栓塞程度可预防严重并发症。     

脑垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗肺结核咯血临床观察

目的观察脑垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗肺结核咯血的疗效。方法44例患者随机分为两组:对照组(26例)予脑垂体后叶素及常规内科综合用药。治疗组(18例)在对照组基础上联用硝酸甘油(5mg/d)静脉滴注,疗程5~7天。结果治疗组和对照组止血率分别为83.3%和80.7%,治疗组略高于对照组,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率为10.1%,而对照组为42.4%,两组间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论脑垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油能改善止血率,且不良反应大大降低,是治疗肺结核咯血的有效联合。     

服用华法林而致咯血患者的药学监护

目的探讨服用华法林导致出血不良事件的药学监护内容以及临床药师参与药物治疗的模式。方法对服用华法林而致出血的病例,临床药师协助临床医师寻找出血原因,并对其治疗全过程进行监护。结果经药师仔细询问该患者用药史建立用药与INR时间表后,判断出血受药物相互不良作用影响较大,并进行治疗药物优化建议和密切监护出血情况后,患者康复出院。结论临床药师积极参与临床实践,作为药物治疗团队中的一员,可利用药学特长协助临床医师做出药物相关性疾病的诊断,共同监护药物治疗的有效性、安全性和依从性,体现了临床药师价值。     

同轴微导管支气管动脉四重栓塞治疗大咯血

目的:探讨支气管动脉同轴微导管四重栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床价值,观察大咯血栓塞治疗的临床效果及与并发症的关系。方法:大咯血患者42例,首先行明胶海绵微粒栓塞,再行丝线栓塞,第三步注入血管硬化剂,最后行大颗粒明胶海绵栓塞,所有病例随访6个月～2年。结果:本组病例短期、中期及远期疗效有效率均为100%。结论:支气管动脉同轴微导管四重栓塞术是治疗大咯血的一种简便、创伤小、长期疗效稳定且高效的疗法。     

138例咯血患者的胸部X线检查与纤维支气管镜检查对照分析

１３８例咯血患者的胸部Ｘ线检查发现异常９０例。经纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）检查主要结果：炎症５９例（４２．８％）、支气管肺癌４１例（２９．７％）、结核１０例（７．２％）及其它２８例（２０．３％）。纤维支气管镜检查对明确病灶性质及咯血原因提供重要依据的有１１６例（８４．１％）。     

学龄期儿童发热8天伴咯血

该文报道1例因发热8 d伴咯血而诊断为丙球无反应型川崎病（KD）并肺出血的患儿。患儿女，学龄期儿童，以发热、皮疹、双侧颈部淋巴结肿大、结膜充血、唇红皲裂及杨梅舌为主要临床表现，随后出现双手、足肿胀，实验室检查示WBC、PLT及C反应蛋白明显增高，血沉明显增快，肝脏酶学升高，白蛋白降低及无菌性脓尿。第1疗程静脉注射丙种球蛋白（IVIG）治疗后仍反复发热，入院第2天出现咯血，肺CT示透亮度不均，有斑片状阴影。予第2疗程的IVIG、甲基强的松龙联合阿司匹林治疗后，病情迅速缓解。KD是儿童时期一种以多系统血管炎为主要特征的发热性疾病，可累及心脏、肾脏、肺及神经系统等多个系统，临床上需要仔细监测和认识KD的少见症状，早期认识到KD的肺部并发症可避免延误诊断和防止更严重并发症的发生，并有助于早期治疗及疾病的恢复。