东莨菪碱-曲马多-芬太尼复合液用于剖宫产术后镇痛

目的观察静脉东莨菪碱配伍曲马多与芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛的临床效果及不良反应。方法ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级行剖宫产术病人60例,随机分为东莨菪碱组(S组)和氟哌利多组(D组),每组30例。S组,东莨菪碱0·3mg 曲马多500mg 芬太尼0·5mg;D组,氟哌利多2·5mg 曲马多500mg 芬太尼0·5mg。均以生理盐水配置100ml药袋,静脉给予负荷剂量4ml后连接镇痛泵进行病人自控镇痛(PCA)。术后24、48h行视觉模拟评分(VAS)和镇静评分,并对用药总量、PCA量及不良反应发生情况进行观察比较。结果两组VAS差异无显著意义。D组术后24h用药总量、PCA量和镇静评分均大于术后48h,D组术后24h镇静评分比S组高(P<0·05),不良反应发生率D组明显高于S组。结论东莨菪碱配伍曲马多及芬太尼应用于剖宫产术后镇痛安全有效,不良反应发生率明显低于氟哌利多。     

曲马多在剖宫产术中预防寒战的效果比较

目的观察曲马多、氟哌利多在剖宫产手术中预防寒战的效果。方法选择60例A SAⅠ、Ⅱ级剖宫产孕妇,无其它并发症,随机分为3组:曲马多组、氟哌利多组、生理盐水组。胎儿取出后从静脉分别注入曲马多1.0~1.50m g/kg,氟哌利多0.05m l/kg,生理盐水2m l,观察预防寒战的效果。结果寒战发生率及程度为:曲马多组:1级1例,2级1例,占10.0%;氟哌利多组:1级3例,2级3例,3级1例,占35.0%;生理盐水组:1级3例,2级2例,3级3例,占40.0%。后两组与曲马多组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.026)。讨论剖宫产手术患者术中应用曲马多能有效减少寒战的发生率,减轻患者的不舒适性,氟哌利多作用不明显。     

Einfluß verschiedener niedriger Droperidol-Dosierungen auf postoperative Angst, innere Anspannung, allgemeine Befindlichkeit und PONV

Background: Droperidol even in low doses such as 0,5?mg to 1,25?mg can increase postoperative anxiety and state of tension. The aim of this study was to determine whether these side effects occur frequently following low-dose droperidol and to see whether these are dose related. Methods: 184 female in- and outpatients ASA grade 1 and 2 undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy were recruited to this prospective, double-blind study. General anaesthesia was standardized (induction with thiopentone, fentanyl 2?µg/kg and vecuronium 0,1?mg/kg, tracheal intubation, maintainance with enflurane in N₂O/O₂). Patients were randomly allocated to receive saline (n=45), 0,625?mg (n=46), 1,25?mg (n=47) or 2,5?mg (n=46) droperidol i.v. 10 minutes before the end of surgery. 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours postoperatively, the patients’ anxiety, state of tension and overall mood was evaluated using two psychological questionnaires which had been tested for the perioperative period (Erlanger anxiety and tension-scale / BSKE-EWL-test). Sedation was evaluated by the staff of the recovery room. In addition, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was assessed using a 100?mm visual analogue scale and by counting the episodes of retching or vomiting. PONV was then rated over the whole observation period as none, mild, moderate or severe using a fixed scoring algorithm. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA and the chi²-test. Results: The patients did not differ with regard to biometric data, duration of surgery and anaesthesia. The postoperative scores for anxiety, state of tension and overall mood were not different between the groups at any observation time (Fig.?1: anxiety and tension: P=0,5687; figure 2: overall mood: P=0,0647). Quality of sleep in the first night after surgery was the same in all groups (Table?2 and 3). Sedation was not significantly different (Table?4; P=0,0704). Furthermore, duration of stay in the recovery room did not differ (P=0,4353). On the other hand, three patients from the 2,5?mg droperidol group had to stay unexpectedly on the ward overnight, because they had been too much sedated to be discharged at home. This was not the case with any patient from the other groups. Compared to placebo, PONV over the whole 24?h observation period was significantly reduced by droperidol (Fig.?3; P=0,0338): completely free from PONV: placebo: 41,3%, 0,625?mg droperidol: 67,4%, 1,25?mg droperidol: 53,2%, 2,5?mg droperidol: 71,7%. Also the severity of PONV was reduced. Conclusion: In gynaecological laparoscopy under general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation, we recommend droperidol 0,625?mg in the prevention of PONV, as it reduces PONV as well as 2,5?mg with no severe sedation in this dosage. Psychological side effects did not occur more frequently after droperidol compared to placebo in any of the investigated dosages.     

Dexclamol: Effects on catecholamine metabolism and demonstration of stereochemical specificity of antagonism of central adrenergic receptors

Summary The effects of the benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinolinol derivative (+)-dexclamol · HCl and some of those of (±)-dexclamol and the corresponding (–)-dexclamol were compared to those of the potent neuroleptic agents droperidol and fluphenazine on norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) turnover in the whole brain and in the striatum of rats. Differences in NE and DA depletion following tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition with -methyl-p-tyrosine indicated that (+)-dexclamol and droperidol increased DA turnover with no effect on NE turnover. At a higher dose both (+)-dexclamol and droperidol, but not (–)-dexclamol, accelerated DA turnover and also that of NE. A decrease in DA concentration occurred after both drugs under the latter condition only.(+)-Dexclamol, (±)-dexclamol and droperidol exhibited a similar onset of action employing striatal homovanillic acid (HVA) increase as indicative of DA turnover changes. The duration of action of droperidol was shorter than for (+)-dexclamol and (±)-dexclamol; fluphenazine displayed a slower onset and longer duration of activity. The (–)-dexclamol was ineffective. (+)-Dexclamol, droperidol and phentolamine reduced the concentrations of ³H-NE in heart when given after the ³H-NE, a probable indication of increased NE release due to adrenergic receptor blockade.The present findings demonstrate that the neuroleptic agent (+)-dexclamol, but not (–)-dexclamol, affects central DA and NE turnover and indicates a stereochemical specificity with respect to antagonism of central DA and NE receptors.     

氟哌利多穴位注射对妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的影响

目的：观察氟哌利多穴位注射对妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的影响。方法：将60例妇科腹腔镜手术患者以随机数字表法分为A组（n＝30）和I组（n＝30）。 A组患者在诱导前10 min于双侧内关穴注射氟哌利多1 mg,I组患者在诱导前10 min静脉注射氟哌利多2 mg。记录患者术毕至拔气管导管时间、术毕至听从指令时间、术后24 h内恶心呕吐发生率及严重程度。结果：A组患者术后0～1、1～2、2～4、4～12 h的恶心呕吐评分（ NVS评分）低于I组,麻醉后监测治疗室内给予止吐药的病例数少于I组（P均＜0．05）。2组患者术后12～24 h的NVS评分、拔管时间、听从指令时间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：氟哌利多穴位注射预防妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的效果优于静脉注射氟哌利多,且不影响麻醉恢复。     

5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂与氟哌利多预防术后恶心呕吐效果的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析比较5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT3)受体拮抗剂与氟哌利多预防术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)的效果. 方法 检索Cochrane图书馆、Pubmed、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、重庆维普中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)、万方数据库,检索时间从建库至2013年9月.收集所有比较5-HT3受体拮抗剂与氟哌利多用于预防全麻PONV的文献.采用Cochrane协作网系统评价法评价纳入文献的质量,采用RevMan 5.1软件对收集的患者资料进行Meta分析评价. 结果 共纳入17项随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),1 823例患者.Meta分析结果显示:与氟哌利多比较,5-HT3受体拮抗剂能降低全麻患者PONV(术后0～24 h)[比值比(RR)=0.49,95％可信区间(CI)=0.39～0.63]与呕吐(RR=0.54,95％CI=0.43～0.67)的发生率.亚组分析结果表明,昂丹司琼预防PONV(RR=0.67,95％CI=0.47～0.96)与呕吐(RR=0.56,95％CI=0.39～0.82)的发生较氟哌利多更好;格拉司琼预防PONV (RR=0.42,95％CI=0.30～0.58)与呕吐(RR=0.58,95％CI=0.42～0.81)的发生较氟哌利多更好.5-HT3受体拮抗剂与氟哌利多预防术后恶心的效果相当(RR=0.89,95％CI=0.77～1.04).昂丹司琼(RR=0.88,95％CI=0.67～1.14)或格拉司琼(RR=0.94,95％CI=0.75～1.17)与氟哌利多预防术后恶心的效果相当.与氟哌利多比较较,5-HT3受体拮抗剂组头痛发生率明显增加(RR=1.44,95％CI=1.12～1.84);5-HT3受体拮抗剂与氟哌利多术后头晕(RR=I.19,95％CI=0.88～1.62)、嗜睡(RR=1.24,95％CI=0.34～4.49)的发生率相同. 结论 与氟哌利多比较,5-HT3拮抗剂预防全麻患者PONV效果较好.     

盐酸托烷司琼和氟哌利多预防吗啡硬膜外自控镇痛引起的恶心呕吐效果观察

目的探讨盐酸托烷司琼和氟哌利多预防术后吗啡硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）引起恶心呕吐的效果和不良反应？方法选择硬膜外麻醉下行开腹妇科手术患者120例，ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，分3组各40例，A组用盐酸托烷司琼5mg，B组用氟哌利多5mg，两组的药物分别将药加入PCEA药盒注入硬膜外腔，C组PCEA药液不加其他药物。术毕行吗啡PCEA镇痛，镇痛方法采用负荷量＋连续量，负荷量为吗啡2mg，连续量为2ml／h，自控量为0．5ml／15min，PCEA药液为吗啡8mg＋布比卡因150mg＋生理盐水至100ml。术后连续监测BP、RR、ECG、SpO2，定时观察记录视觉模拟评分法（VAS）的评分、恶心、呕吐发生率。结果3组患者手术后镇痛效果满意，组间比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05），恶心呕吐发生率，A、B组明显低于C组，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），A组与B组相比：A组明显低于B组，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论盐酸托烷司琼较氟哌利多能更有效地预防术后吗啡PCEA引起的恶心呕吐。     

硬膜外高渗糖——吗啡——氟哌啶——苯海拉明合剂与吗啡用于术后镇痛的比较

目的:50%GS 吗啡 氟哌啶 苯海拉明合剂,硬膜外给药在术后镇痛的效果。方法:第1组40例术后硬膜外腔注入吗啡—高渗糖—氟哌啶—苯海拉明合剂;第2组40例单纯注入吗啡观察其镇痛时间、效果和副作用。结果:显示前组明显优于后组(P<0.05)。结论:吗啡—高渗糖—氟哌啶—苯海拉明合剂是一种良好的术后镇痛剂。     

氯胺酮与氟哌啶复合麻醉用于兔膝骨性关节炎模型

目的探索氯胺酮、氟哌啶应用于兔麻醉后对呼吸系统的影响并进行麻醉效果评价。方法32只健康新西兰兔随机分为两组,氯胺酮、氟哌啶组(KD组);氯胺酮组(K组)。KD组以(100 mg氯胺酮 5 mg氟哌啶)/kg体重肌内注射;K组以100 mg氯胺酮/kg体重肌内注射,均进行兔膝骨性关节炎模型的建立。于麻醉后15 min时抽取耳中央动脉血做血气分析,评价麻醉效果、记录持续时间、死亡率。结果KD组麻醉前与麻醉后15 min时比较:酸碱度(pH)、碱剩余(BE(B))差异有显著性(P<0.01);标准碳酸氢盐(SB)、细胞外液缓冲碱(Beecf)、氧饱和度(SO2)差异有显著性(P<0.05)。K组麻醉前与麻醉后15 min时比较:pH、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)差异有显著性(P<0.01);SB、Beecf、BE(B)差异有显著性(P<0.05)。KD组与K组在麻醉后15 min时比较:实际碳酸氢盐(HCO3ˉ)、总二氧化碳(TCO2)差异有显著性(P<0.01);Beecf BE(B)总血红蛋白(THBc)差异有显著性(P<0.05)。KD组的麻醉效果为优75%、良25%、差0%,死亡率0%,麻醉有效时间(45±5)min。K组的麻醉效果为优0%、良31%、差69%,死亡率0%,麻醉有效时间(20±5)min。结论用氯胺酮、氟哌啶联合应用于兔麻醉效果优于单纯氯胺酮麻醉。     

罗哌卡因混合曲马多、氟哌利多用于老年人腹部术后硬膜外镇痛的效应

目的研究硬膜外用罗哌卡因复合曲马多、氟哌利多对老年人腹部术后镇痛的效果和不良反应.方法选择65～86岁腹部手术患者186例分三组,每组62例,术后分别采用0.125%罗哌卡因(R组)、0.125%左旋布比卡因(L组)及0.125%布比卡因(B组)复合0.5%曲马多 0.005%氟哌利多行硬膜外镇痛.以VAS及D1/D2衡量镇痛效果,观察肛门排气时间及恶心、呕吐、头痛、下肢麻木等不良反应.结果三组老年人VAS、D1/D2对PCEA满意率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),肛门排气时间R组早于L组及B组,下肢麻木的发生率R组无而L组及B组都有(P＜0.05).结论0.125%罗哌卡因 0.5%曲马多 0.005%氟哌利多对老年人腹部术后硬腹外镇痛效果确切且安全.