短时程脊髓电刺激治疗爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹的临床研究

目的探讨短时程脊髓电刺激(temporary spinal cord stimulation, tSCS)治疗爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹的临床疗效。方法回顾性地分析同济大学附属第十人民医院疼痛科2020年1月—2020年12月收治的52例接受tSCS治疗的爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹患者的临床资料，评估在治疗前、治疗后3d、7d、14d、3个月、6个月的总体疼痛情况(numerical rating scale, NRS)评分、(simple McGill scores, McGill)评分、爆发痛情况(发生率、NRS评分、次数以及持续时间)、触诱发痛情况(发生率、分级)、术后不良反应等；评估在治疗前、治疗后7d、3个月、6个月的睡眠时长、睡眠中醒来次数、疼痛障碍指数(pain disorder index, PDI)、功能状态评分(Karnofsky score, KPS)、抑郁症筛查量表(patient health questionnaire depression module scale, PHQ-9)和焦虑症筛查量表(generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale, GAD-7)等。结果与治疗前相比，治疗后3d、7d、14d、3个月、6个月的总体疼痛NRS评分、总体疼痛MCGILL评分、静息痛NRS评分明显降低(均P<0.001)；与治疗前相比，治疗后3d、7d、14d、3个月、6个月的的爆发痛NRS评分明显降低(均P<0.05)，治疗后14d、3个月、6个月时的爆发痛次数以及持续时间都明显降低(均P<0.05)；与治疗前比较，患者治疗后7d、14d、3个月、6个月时的触诱发痛的分级都明显降低，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)；与治疗前相比，治疗后14d、3个月、6个月的PDI评分明显降低(P<0.05)；与治疗前相比，治疗后14d、3个月、6个月的PHQ-9评分和GAD-7评分都明显减少(P<0.05)，与术前的药物使用情况相比，治疗后各镇痛药使用人数普遍呈下降趋势；术中及整个随访期间未观察到严重不良事件。结论短时程脊髓电刺激对爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹具有较好的临床疗效。     

Higher Preimplantation Opioid Doses Associated With Long‐Term Spinal Cord Stimulation Failure in 211 Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

ObjectiveSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). We studied the effect of preimplantation opioid use on SCS outcome and the effect of SCS on opioid use during a two-year follow-up period.Materials and methodsThe study cohort included 211 consecutive FBSS patients who underwent an SCS trial from January 1997 to March 2014. Participants were divided into groups, which were as follows: 1) SCS trial only (n = 47), 2) successful SCS (implanted and in use throughout the two-year follow-up period, n = 131), and 3) unsuccessful SCS (implanted but later explanted or revised due to inadequate pain relief, n = 29). Patients who underwent explantation for other reasons (n = 4) were excluded. Opioid purchase data from January 1995 to March 2016 were retrieved from national registries.ResultsHigher preimplantation opioid doses associated with unsuccessful SCS (ROC: AUC = 0.66, p = 0.009), with 35 morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/day as the optimal cutoff value. All opioids were discontinued in 23% of patients with successful SCS, but in none of the patients with unsuccessful SCS (p = 0.004). Strong opioids were discontinued in 39% of patients with successful SCS, but in none of the patients with unsuccessful SCS (p = 0.04). Mean opioid dose escalated from 18 ± 4 MME/day to 36 ± 6 MME/day with successful SCS and from 22 ± 8 MME/day to 82 ± 21 MME/day with unsuccessful SCS (p < 0.001).ConclusionsHigher preimplantation opioid doses were associated with SCS failure, suggesting the need for opioid tapering before implantation. With continuous SCS therapy and no explantation or revision due to inadequate pain relief, 39% of FBSS patients discontinued strong opioids, and 23% discontinued all opioids. This indicates that SCS should be considered before detrimental dose escalation.     

Hip Displacement in Cerebral Palsy: The Role of Surveillance

IntroductionHip displacement is common in cerebral palsy (CP) and is related to the severity of neurological and functional impairment. It is a silent, but progressive disease, and can result in significant morbidity and decreased quality of life, if left untreated. The pathophysiology of hip displacement in CP is a combination of hip flexor-adductor muscle spasticity, abductor muscle weakness, and delayed weight-bearing, resulting in proximal femoral deformities and progressive acetabular dysplasia. Due to a lack of symptoms in the early stages of hip displacement, the diagnosis is easily missed. Awareness of this condition and regular surveillance by clinical examination and serial radiographs of the hips are the key to early diagnosis and treatment.Hip surveillance programmesSeveral population-based studies from around the world have demonstrated that universal hip surveillance in children with CP allows early detection of hip displacement and appropriate early intervention, with a resultant decrease in painful dislocations. Global hip surveillance models are based upon the patients’ age, functional level determined by the Gross Motor Function Classification system (GMFCS), gait classification, standardized clinical exam, and radiographic indices such as the migration percentage (MP), as critical indicators of progressive hip displacement.ConclusionDespite 25 years of evidence showing the efficacy of established hip surveillance programmes, there is poor awareness among healthcare professionals in India about the importance of regular hip surveillance in children with CP. There is a need for professional organizations to develop evidence-based guidelines for hip surveillance which are relevant to the Indian context.     

Place et modalités de l’irradiation postopératoire dans la prise en charge des métastases cérébrales

Metastases are the most common brain tumors. After surgery, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of the resection cavity is the standard of care. Data from two randomized trials indicate that SRT to the surgical bed is an effective treatment in reducing local failure as compared with observation, while reducing the risk of cognitive deterioration and maintaining quality of life as compared with whole brain radiation therapy. Local control appears higher after hypofractionated SRT compared to single-fraction SRT. Several questions such as target volumes, the optimal regimen in particular for large tumor bed, strategies to reduce the risk of lepto-meningeal recurrence, and the treatment sequence still need to be answered.     

脑电仿生电刺激对脑梗死后认知功能障碍的影响

目的观察脑电仿生电刺激小脑顶核对脑梗死后认知功能障碍的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法选取脑梗死后并发认知功能障碍患者50例,随机分成治疗组与对照组各25例。2组患者均接受康复治疗及认知功能训练,治疗组同时加用脑电仿生电刺激进行干预。2组患者分别于治疗前后应用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评定认知功能变化,采用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)评估颅内动脉血流动力学改变。结果治疗后2组患者MoCA评分、MMSE评分均较组内治疗前提高(P<0.05),且治疗组评分明显较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2组患者颅内动脉血流动力学较组内治疗前改善(P<0.05),且治疗组较对照组改善更显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为92%和64%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑电仿生电刺激小脑顶核可有效改善脑梗死患者的认知功能,其可能机制是通过改善患者的脑循环进一步改善认知功能。     

胃癌患者根治术后腹腔灌洗液中CEA mRNA表达的临床意义

目的：探讨胃癌患者根治术后腹腔冲洗液中CEA mRNA表达情况及其临床意义。方法: 回顾性分析了2013 年1 月至2017 年12 月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院接受胃癌根治切除术后进行腹腔灌洗液CEA mRNA检测的139 名患者的病历资料，并进行术后常规随访。用RT-PCR检测139 胃癌患者根治术后腹腔灌洗液中CEA mRNA表达情况。卡方检验分析腹腔灌洗液中CEA mRNA表达与临床基本特征、组织病理学资料、血液学指标及复发方式之间的关系。采用Logistic 单因素及多因素回归分析筛查影响CEA mRNA表达水平的因素。结果：139 名患者中44 名（31.7%）患者腹腔灌洗液CEA mRNA阳性。分析显示，胃癌患者腹腔灌洗液CEA mRNA阳性表达与性别、年龄、病理分级、Lauren 分型和HER2、EGFR、VEGFR等标记物间均没有明显的关联（均P>0.05），与病理类型、脉管是否侵犯、局部浸润深度、淋巴结转移程度和临床AJCC 分期有明显的关联（均P<0.05）。CEA mRNA阳性患者腹膜复发率明显高于阴性患者（P=0.012）。Logistic 单因素回归分析显示，印戒细胞癌（P=0.04，HR=2.810，95% CI: 1.050~7.520）、T 分期（P=0.016，HR=6.329，95% CI: 1.417~28.264）、N 分期（P=0.022，HR=3.068，95% CI: 1.172~8.027）、AJCC分期（P=0.016 ，HR=3.971 ，95% CI: 1.295~12.173 ）、神经侵犯（P=0.002 ，HR=6.738，95% CI: 1.995~22.757）、脉管侵犯（P<0.001，HR=16.36，95% CI: 3.85~69.512）为胃癌患者腹腔灌洗液CEA mRNA阳性表达的危险因素。Logistic 多因素回归分析显示，经过对其他因素的校正，脉管侵犯（P<0.001，HR=21.314，95% CI: 4.21~107.907）为胃癌患者腹腔灌洗液CEA mRNA阳性表达的独立危险因素。结论：胃癌腹腔灌洗CEA mRNA阳性的患者腹膜复发转移风险高且预后不良，应考虑包括腹腔局部治疗在内的更加积极的抗肿瘤治疗。     

脊柱后路内固定术后硬膜外血肿的预防与护理体会

目的 探讨脊柱后路内固定术后硬膜外血肿的预防与护理体会。方法 遵照回顾性分析法选择我院2013年2 月～2018 年2 月纳入的60 例脊柱后路内固定术患者，依照不同理疗方式进行分组。其中30 例给予常规药物治疗作为对照组，另30 例除了常规治疗之外实施综合护理作为研究组，记录两组硬膜外血肿、腰椎术后血肿及颈椎术后血肿发生率，分别在干预前后进行生活质量评分（QOL）调查，出院时发放满意度调查问卷表，对比两组干预结果。结果 研究组血肿发生率为6.67%，明显低于对照组的20.00%（P＜0.05）。干预前两组的食欲、精神、睡眠、疼痛及日常生活评分相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），干预后研究组的各项评分均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。研究组对干预效果的满意度为90.00%，明显高于对照组的76.67%（P＜0.05）。结论 护理干预运用于脊柱后路内固定中效果显著，能够有效减少硬膜外血肿的发生率，提升生活质量，促进病情稳定，患者满意度较高，可维持良好医患关系。     

Management of Valvular Heart Disease in Adults: Implications for Nurse Practitioner Practice

Valvular heart disease affects patients of all ages, with the highest incidence in patients older than 75 years. The nurse practitioner, whether in the primary or acute care setting, plays a vital role in the detection, monitoring, and shared decisions in treatment options. Assessment skills in conjunction with appropriate testing can identify patients early in the trajectory of the disease. The purpose of this article is to provide tips for history-taking and physical exam techniques, identify appropriate diagnostic testing, and review treatment options for adults with valvular heart disease.