Impact of Transcatheter Occlusion of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus on Atrial Septal Defect Diameter in Children

Background. A persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may delay closure of a coexisting atrial septal defect (ASD) due to volume loading and enlargement of the left atrium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural history of ASD size in patients with a PDA following transcatheter PDA occlusion. Methods. All patients with an ASD and a PDA who underwent transcatheter PDA occlusion at Texas Children’s Hospital were identified. Patients with ASD diameter <3 mm, or additional cardiac defects were excluded. Eight patients (7 females) with small‐ to moderate‐sized ASDs and a PDA were identified. Patient demographics, echocardiographic data, and cardiac catheterization data were recorded. Data were analyzed by 1‐tailed t‐test. Results. Following PDA occlusion, ASD diameter decreased in 6 of 8 patients by a mean of 3.8 mm (±2.3 mm), including 2 that closed. The median duration of follow‐up was 689 days. One ASD remained unchanged and 1 increased in size. The mean maximum ASD diameter decreased from 6.4 mm (±2.2 mm) to 3.9 mm (±3.4 mm) (P = .03). Two patients underwent subsequent transcatheter ASD occlusion. Conclusion. Following transcatheter PDA occlusion, small‐ to moderate‐sized ASDs have significant probability to decrease in size, and possibly close. In infants and children, we recommend transcatheter PDA occlusion, and serial follow‐up of the size of the ASD. This will allow many small‐ to moderate‐sized ASDs to either close, or become smaller, obviating the need for future intervention.     

肠瘘患者腔静脉导管感染的回顾性分析

目的了解肠瘘患者腔静脉导管感染的发生率、细菌菌谱及药敏情况。方法对1998年1月至2001年4月收治的使用腔静脉导管进行全肠外营养(TPN)的肠瘘患者进行回顾性分析。结果216例肠瘘患者,共进行了358次腔静脉置管,腔静脉导管尖端培养阳性的有88次(24.6%),腔静脉导管平均使用时间为(16.9±13.0)d。88次腔静脉导管感染的尖端共培养出95株细菌,其中革兰阴性菌54株,占56.8%;其次为革兰阳性菌35株,占36.8%;真菌6株,占6.4%。根据药物敏感试验结果及临床表现,有16例患者更换了抗生素,4例改用抗真菌药物,所有患者均治愈。结论对于肠瘘患者,腔静脉感染仍是实施静脉营养的主要并发症之一,革兰阴性细菌感染最常见。     

经左颈静脉肝内门腔静脉支架分流术（附12例报告）

为解决肝硬变门脉高压患者在经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉支架分流术中右颈静脉窄或闭的难题，我们做了经左颈静脉途径完成肝内门腔分流术的尝试。自１９９３年７月至１９９５年８月，共１７８例ＴＩＰＳＳ操作中发现１２例右颈静脉狭窄或闭塞。其方法为经左颈内静脉穿刺、插管入路。     

锁骨下静脉的解剖特点与上腔静脉置管路径的研究

目的　研究锁骨下静脉走向 ,探讨经此路径行上腔静脉置管的最佳方法 ,并分析相关并发症的原因。方法　对6 8例锁骨下静脉穿刺上腔静脉置管的临床病例进行造影透视、摄片 ,统计最适宜的置管长度 ,比较改良穿刺技术与旧Seldinger技术的效果及与相关并发症的关系。结果　锁骨下静脉穿刺上腔静脉置管的长度右侧为 (8.5 +d)cm(d为穿刺点至锁骨头上缘距离 ) ,左侧为 (11.5 +d)cm。原Seldinger技术一次置管成功率为 75 0 % ,改进后为 92 .5 % ;原操作方法置管操作时间为(43 3± 10 9)min ,改良后为 (2 8 6± 10 3)min ;原方法并发症发生率 39 2 9% ,改进后为 10 0 % ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　置管长短主要取决于穿刺点距锁骨头上缘的距离 ;改良穿刺技术是一种安全、有效的中心静脉置管方法 ,选择右侧路径比左侧更安全     

有关冠状窦心导管术的应用解剖

对３０例成人心标本进行解剖，测得冠状窦口的纵径为１７．７９±４．６６ｍｍ，横径为８．７５±３．３９ｍｍ。发现冠状窦口朝向上或水平方向者占７０．００％；向下者占３０．００％，冠状窦瓣有新月状、半月状、网状、筛状和嵴状等五种形态。瓣高５．３１±４．１８ｍｍ，宽８．６２±２．４４ｍｍ。冠状窦的长度为３１．３３±１０．２２ｍｍ，最窄径为５．６０±１．０５ｍｍ；并有成角、缩窄和发育不良现象。其属支中有７３．３３％的心中静脉和１０．００％的心小静脉开口于冠状窦口处。本文并就冠状窦心导管术插管的成败因素进行了讨论。     

42例中心静脉置管术的临床应用

目的：探讨内科急危重患为进行静脉营养,休克救治及中心静脉压监测,肿瘤的系统化疗,建立静脉通路最人选择与术后护理。方法：４２例中选择锁骨下静脉置管术１１例,选择腋静脉末端置管术３１例。结果：术后经Ｘ检查,导管前端到达上腔静脉３９例,到位率为９２．８％,到达颈内静脉３例（占７．１４％）,无气胸、血胸、空气栓塞等并发症。结论：内科危重症患及肺心病、肺癌、脓胸、扩张型心肌病建立静脉通道可选用腋静脉末端     

直肠癌术前股动脉插管化疗18例

（目的）探讨直肠癌术前动脉插管化疗的疗效。（方法）对18例直肠癌分别进行1～2次术前动脉插管化疗，化疗后观察临床症状、肿块大小。术后对切除标本进行病理组织学检查。（结果）化疗后临床症状减轻，全身症状改善，毒副作用小，瘤体缩小，可有效提高手术切除率。术后病理检查显示瘤体及区域淋巴结有不同程度化疗反应，总有效率达88．9％。（结论）术前动脉插管化疗对直肠癌具有较好疗效。     

婴幼儿先天性心脏病合并室缺的肺动脉压测定研究

目的探讨婴幼儿先天性心脏病合并室缺的肺动脉压测定与连续波多普勒法相关性的临床研究。方法40例婴幼儿先天性心脏病合并室缺患者分为两组，以室缺合并平均肺动脉压〉20mmHg为观察组，室缺合并平均肺动脉压〈20nm、Hg为对照组，应用连续波多普勒法与术前用导管法所测肺动脉压进行比较。结果观察组连续波多普勒法测出肺动脉压与导管所测肺动脉压显著相关（r=0．70，P〈0．01），可达到定量诊断肺动脉高压的目的；对照组不紧密相关（r=0．65，P〉0．05）。结论连续波多普勒法对婴幼儿先天性心脏病合并室缺的患儿的肺动脉压评估可靠。     

Decision support for tendon tissue engineering

The aim of this study is to provide decision support with artificial intelligence for tendon tissue engineering strategies. The experimental data of tissue-engineered tendons were integrated and standardized with a centralized database, and a decision support system was developed using both artificial neural networks and decision trees. The decision support system was trained with existing cases in the database, and then was used to generate tissue engineering schemes for new experimental animals. Following the schemes generated by the artificial intelligent system, we cured 28 of the 30 experimental animals. In conclusion, artificial intelligence is a powerful method for decision support in the tendon tissue engineering realm.     

激光导管拔除心脏起搏除颤导线的临床应用研究

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and effectiveness of Excimer laser-assisted lead extraction. Methods Consecutive lead extraction in 16 patients using the excimer laser sheath from Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Minnesota between March 2008 and December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics including basic disease, cardiac function, indication and reason for lead removal, lead characteristic, and complication were summarized. Results Thirty one leads ( laser sheaths were used in 25 leads) in 16 patients [mean age (67.4 ±9. 1 )years, range 54-82 years] were extracted. All leads were extracted successfully without complication.Most patients had severe heart diseases with left ventricular ejection fraction of 20% -60% (mean 36. 4% ±13.4% ). Mean implant time was (73.9 ±62. 9)months (range 3 -251 months). Nine patients had Class Ⅰ indications for lead extraction, 7 patients for Class Ⅱ indications. Atrial lead fractured in one patient during lead extraction, the remaining part of the lead was taken out from femoral vein by a snare-catheter apparatus. Another patient developed CS dissection and small pericardium perfusion during LV lead implantation (upgrade to BiV-ICD ) post successful lead extraction and patient discharged without complication. Conclusion Our single center experience suggests that Excimer Laser Sheath Lead Removal System is safe and effective in extracting pacemaker and ICD leads.