引气归元针法的研究进展

引气归元针法是腹针常用的针刺取穴手法,通过腹部腧穴的针刺刺激以调理先天、后天,从而达到神气条达、气血荣和、驱邪治病的目的。本文通过检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)和万方数字化期刊全文数据库等相关文献,从相关学者对引气归元针法的理论探讨、临床运用两个方面进行分析总结,以期为临床研究提供参考。     

临床护理路径在心血管患者静脉留置针中的研究分析

目的:提高静脉留置针使用有效期,保证心血管患者得到及时用药,有效开放静脉抢救通道。方法:建立了心血管患者静脉留置针的临床护理路径(Clinical Nursing Pathway,CNP)。选择我院2018年1-12月期间接诊的静脉留置针心血管患者为研究对象,共100例,随机分组,即对照组(50例,常规护理)与实验组(50例,在常规护理基础上辅以临床护理路径),比较两组护理效果,包括留置时间、不良反应情况、患者满意度等。结果:护理后,两组患者留置时间无明显差异,但实验组不良反应发生率、静脉炎发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组满意度、一次性置管成功率高于对照组,而非计划性拔管率则低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心血管患者静脉留置针护理中辅以临床护理路径,可减少不良反应,预防静脉炎,延长置管时间,提高护理满意度,值得优选。     

耳穴埋针配合薄氏腹针治疗失眠症临床疗效观察

目的：评价耳穴埋针配合薄氏腹针治疗失眠症的应用价值。方法：将60例患者依数字随机法分为对照组、治疗组各30例，其中对照组依常规对症处理，合理使用安眠药，治疗组进行耳穴埋针配合薄氏腹针治疗？结果：对照组有效率66．67％，治疗组有效率为93．33％。结论：治疗组的总有效率优于对照组，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）结论：耳穴埋针配合薄氏腹针治疗失眠症疗效显著，无副作用，患者易于接受。     

Flow dynamics through spinal needles

We examined the flow pattern produced when liquid dye was actively injected into a fluid medium at various flows through five different commonly used spinal needles. At all flows, the Whitacre-type needles produced a directional stream exiting at an angle from the longitudinal axis. At intermediate rates the stream developed tracks which disappeared at faster rates. The Quincke needle always produced an undeviated stream of dye and did not form tracks at any flow rate. When a perspex plate (representing the spinal cord) was interposed in front of the needle, the dispersion of dye was always unidirectional from the Whitacre needle and bidirectional from the Quincke needle. The dye adhered to the surface of the plate as a concentrated film at slow rates and at faster rates it dispersed turbulently for both types of needle.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Susuks</Emphasis> (charm needles) in the craniofacial region

Objectives  We conducted a study to determine the numbers of susuks (charm needles) and their distribution in the craniofacial region of susuk wearers, and the sex, racial affiliation, and age of the wearers. In addition, we sought to determine whether the presence of susuks posed any potential hazard to patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods  We studied various radiographs of 33 susuk wearers (age range, 33–69 years) and investigated the most common sites of insertion in the craniofacial region. A susuk was also suspended inside a 1.5-T MRI machine to determined whether it was attracted by the machine’s magnet. Results  The largest number of susuks that we observed in the craniofacial region was 39 pins, and susuks were particularly numerous in Malay Muslim women. Other sites with susuks were the maxillofacial region (except the temporomandibular region) and the forehead. The susuks showed no ferromagnetic characteristics. Conclusions  As susuks are made from gold, they are generally biocompatible with human tissue and do not cause problems to their wearers. Gold and the other minor metal constituents found in susuks have no ferromagnetic characteristics and therefore pose no hazard to patients undergoing MRI.     

马尾松松针中木脂素类化学成分的研究

目的研究松科(Pinaceae)植物马尾松(P.massoniana Lamb.)松针(pine needles)水煎液中的化学成分。方法利用Diaion HP-20,Toyopearl HW-40和硅胶等柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从马尾松针水煎液镇痛作用较强的正丁醇萃取部位分离得到3个木脂素类化合物,其化学结构分别确定为化合物7(massonianoside D): (7S,8r)-4,9′-二羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-7,8-二氢苯骈呋喃-1′-丙醇基新木脂素-9-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷;化合物8(异落叶松脂素):4,4′,9,9′-四羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-7-苯基四氢萘木脂素;化合物9(异落叶松脂素-9-O-木糖苷):4,4′,9′-三羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-7-苯基四氢萘木脂素-9-O-β-D-木糖苷。结论化合物7为新化合物,化合物8,9为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

Comparison of the flow characteristics of irrigants with standard and Max‐i‐Probe needles

The objectives of this study were to determine the direction and pattern of flow of irrigating solutions inside simulated root canals with different irrigation needles; and to determine whether different needle designs increase the likelihood of irrigating solution passing through the apical foramen. Two types of needles were compared: a standard needle with a bevel and an open end, and a needle with a side opening and closed rounded tip. Observations of irrigant flow within the canals indicated that the side‐venting needle can be dangerous if the needle gauge is small and it reaches the full length of the canal, since this allowed irrigants to flow into the periapical area. With the standard needle, the fluid did not go beyond the tip of the needle when minimal irrigating pressure was employed. As the size of canal increased, the fluid did not extrude beyond the tip of both needles. However, if the needles bound in the canals, then the fluid was forced away from the needle tip, and the pressure applied to the syringe was directly proportional to the distance the fluid flowed away from the needle tip. Both side‐venting and standard needles can be used for irrigation safely and effectively if a dynamic irrigation technique (moving the needle up and down inside the canals while irrigating) is employed.     

头部电针透穴、体针联合氟西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁临床研究

目的:观察头部电针透穴、体针联合氟西汀治疗对脑卒中后抑郁患者脑电图及抑郁情况的影响。方法:选取122例脑卒中后抑郁患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组各61例。对照组给予盐酸氟西汀胶囊治疗,研究组在此基础上联合头部电针透穴、体针治疗,2组均治疗4周。对比2组临床疗效,评估患者治疗前后的脑电图及抑郁情况。结果:研究组总有效率86.89%,高于对照组的68.85%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2组脑电图正常患者比率均升高,研究组脑电图正常患者比率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2组汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分均降低,且研究组HAMD评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组血浆5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)水平均升高,且研究组血浆5-HIAA水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:头部电针透穴、体针联合氟西汀可有效改善脑卒中后抑郁患者的临床症状,调节5-HIAA水平,疗效优于单纯使用氟西汀治疗。     

项七针治疗椎动脉型颈椎病和对椎-基底动脉血流动力学的影响

目的 观察项七针治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的疗效和对椎-基底动脉血流动力学的影响。方法 将病人随机分为项七针组38例和颈夹脊组34例，进行症状评分和经颅彩色多普勒检查椎-基底动脉血流速指标。结果 经治疗2个疗程后，项七针组总有效率为89．47％，颈夹脊组为76．47％，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；项七针组治疗后椎-基底动脉平均血流速度（MV）、椎-基底动脉搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）的改变与颈夹脊组比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。项七针组疗效和改善脑供血方面均优于颈夹脊组。结论 运用针灸治疗椎动脉型颈椎病，可收到一定的临床疗效，且在改善病人症状积分及椎-基底动脉血流速度等方面亦显示出较好好的治疗作用。     

Risk of transmission associated with sharing drug injecting paraphernalia: analysis of recent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection using cross‐sectional survey data

Sharing injecting paraphernalia (containers, filters and water) poses a risk of transmitting the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The prevalence of, and risk of HCV from, such behaviour has not been extensively reported in Europe. People who inject drugs (PWID) were recruited in cross‐sectional surveys from services providing sterile injecting equipment across Scotland between 2008 and 2010. Participants completed a questionnaire and provided a blood spot for anonymous testing. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between recent HCV infection (anti‐HCV negative and HCV‐RNA positive) and self‐reported measures of injecting equipment sharing in the 6 months preceding interview. Twelve per cent of the sample reported sharing needles/syringes, and 40% reported sharing paraphernalia in the previous 6 months. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for sharing needles/syringes (+/− paraphernalia), and sharing only paraphernalia in the last 6 months were 6.7 (95% CI 2.6–17.1) and 3.0 (95% CI 1.2–7.5), respectively. Among those who reported not sharing needles/syringes, sharing containers and filters were both significantly associated with recent HCV infection (AOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.8 and 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.5, respectively); sharing water was not. We present the first study to apply a cross‐sectional approach to the analysis of the association between sharing paraphernalia and incident HCV infection and demonstrate consistent results with previous longitudinal studies. The prevalence of paraphernalia sharing in our study population is high, representing significant potential for HCV transmission.