全国著名骨伤专家梁铁民教授学术思想和正骨经验

总结了全国著名骨伤专家梁铁民教授的学术思想和正骨经验,简述了梁老生平。梁老学术思想表现在突出整体观念,主张辨证施术;注重调理气血,强调药物接续;重视望问切触量法五诊结合等三个方面。对于梁老正骨经验先进行了综合论述,进一步佐证其学术思想;后分别从小儿桡骨头半脱位、颈椎错位、胸腰椎小关节错位、肋骨骨折等梁老研究较深入和比较擅长的几个方面进行了阐述。特别是颈椎错位这种高难度高风险的手法操作,体现出梁老高超的手法技艺。     

Posterior ankle impingement disguised as peroneal tendon subluxation in young athletes – a case report

Posterior ankle impingement is a cause of posterior ankle pain common in those who perform frequent plantarflexion activities. Three young patients presented with posterior ankle pain which was initially attributed to peroneal tendon subluxation. However, detailed physical exam and imaging confirmed the diagnosis of posterior ankle impingement as the actual cause of pain. The peroneal tendon subluxation was not causal but an unrelated co-incidental finding. After failed prolonged conservative management (rest, immobilization and physical therapy), the patients underwent posterior ankle arthroscopic debridement for the impingement resulting in return to prior sporting activity without limitation and no recurrence of pain at 19 months follow-up. Posterior ankle impingement diagnosis could be masked by co-incidental asymptomatic peroneal tendon subluxation in pediatric patients.     

下颈椎可屈性与寰枢关节Magerl固定术的可行性分析

目的:探讨下颈椎的屈曲程度与后路经寰枢关节螺钉固定术的可能性。方法:回顾已施行经寰枢关节螺钉固定术病例的术前颈椎过屈位X线像,测量C2～C7间的角度,复习手术经过,分析可完成螺钉固定的颈椎曲度及其它相关因素。结果:在已完成后路经寰枢关节螺钉固定术的75例患者中有58例屈颈侧位X线像显示下颈椎呈后凸状态,后凸角平均为17.25°;另17例屈颈侧位片见下颈椎呈前凸状态,但这些病例都是体形瘦长者。结论:后路经寰枢关节螺钉固定术仅适合于下颈椎可以很好屈曲及体形瘦长的病例。     

单纯后路复位及固定治疗自发性寰枢椎脱位

目的 利用单纯后路复位,同时行内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的方法,既不需要颅骨牵引,也不需经口腔齿状突切除.方法 2004年5月至2007年12月,收治自发性寰枢椎脱位病人20例,手术前后利用CT及MRI进行影像学测量,评价脱位及脊髓延髓受压程度.根据是否合并寰枕融合分别采用C1侧块～C2椎弓根螺钉技术3例及C2椎弓根～枕骨螺钉技术17例.手术中向前推压C2棘突或通过C2椎弓根及枕骨螺钉间撑开将齿状突向前、下牵拉以恢复齿状突与C1前弓的解剖关系.结果 20例病人随访6-48个月,1例术后1周因基底动脉内血栓形成死亡,其余19例均明显改善.手术后影像学检查见脊髓延髓均获彻底减压,合并脊髓空洞的5例病人,空洞均明显缩小;各项影像学测量指标均明显好转(P<0.01).1例于术后3个月时CT提示复位部分丢失,但螺钉位置良好,脊髓延髓减压良好,脊髓空洞继续缩小,6个月时骨性融合.结论 首先选择后路复位及固定,而不是前路经口腔齿状突切除减压,是治疗寰枢椎脱位简单有效,相对安全的方法.     

脊椎错位引起的代偿及其临床意义

脊柱的平衡在发生病理性变化时会打破，但人体有保持自我平衡的能力，脊柱必会发生一系列代偿性变化来重新建立平衡，这就是人体平衡系统作用的结果。当脊椎发生错位，即推拿医生最关心的脊椎错位时，脊柱内部将会发生怎样的代偿性变化及具有什么样的临床意义，下文将给予阐述。     

Perthes disease: a survey of management amongst members of the British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS)

The treatment of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease remains controversial. The aim of this survey was to ascertain the current management strategies of this condition amongst UK paediatric orthopaedic surgeons, with particular regard to containment procedures in the fragmentation phase. Questionnaires were distributed at the January 2006 meeting of the British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS) and was posted to all absent members. The results showed a great deal of variability not only in the treatment of Perthes disease, but also in the decision-making processes. Consideration must now be given to a carefully constructed national multi-centre prospective randomised controlled study into the optimum management of this disease     

Long-term results of open reduction for residual subluxation in congenital dislocation of the hip: A new open reduction method involving 360° circumferential capsulotomy

We report satisfactory results with a new operative treatment, conducted via an extensive anterolateral approach, involving 360 degree circumferential capsulotomy, for residual subluxation in congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH). Long-term radiographic results of this procedure (group A) were compared retrospectively with the results of partial capsulotomy (group B), which preserved the posteroinferior joint capsule. The mean center edge angle in group A (22.5°) was greater than that in group B (16.0°). Satisfactory results were achieved in 11 of 15 hips (73%) (Severin class I or II) in group A, and in 5 of 12 hips (42%) in group B. These results suggest that whole circumferential capsulotomy can remove obstacles to complete reduction, and that acetabular development can be expected in hips reduced by the procedure, without the performance of innominate osteotomy. We believe that our technique is a useful alternative for the treatment of residual subluxation in CDH.     

Rotational occlusion of the vertebral artery at the atlantoaxial joint: is it truly physiological?

We present a patient with vertebrobasilar insufficiency, with vertigo and horizontal nystagmus, induced by turning the head to the right. Angiography demonstrated transient occlusion of the left vertebral artery at the atlantoaxial joint during rotation of the head. The pathogenesis and angiographic findings are discussed.     

使用颗粒状自体松质骨植骨的寰枢椎后路融合术

介绍一种在头环背心保护下用颗粒状自体松质骨植骨的寰枢椎后路融合术。对３４例寰枢椎不稳的病人施行了寰枢椎后路融合术。用头环背心维持寰椎的复位，将颗粒状的自体松质骨植于寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板的背面，不用内固定，直至植骨融合。３１例病人获得了随访，平均随访时间３０个月，其中２９例融合成功，术后头不背心固定时间平均为１３周，有３例出现了寰椎再移位。颗粒状自体松质骨比块状的全层骨更有利于融合。用头环背心的外固定     

单纯后路复位及固定治疗自发性寰枢椎脱位

目的 利用单纯后路复位,同时行内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的方法,既不需要颅骨牵引,也不需经口腔齿状突切除.方法 2004年5月至2007年12月,收治自发性寰枢椎脱位病人20例,手术前后利用CT及MRI进行影像学测量,评价脱位及脊髓延髓受压程度.根据是否合并寰枕融合分别采用C1侧块～C2椎弓根螺钉技术3例及C2椎弓根～枕骨螺钉技术17例.手术中向前推压C2棘突或通过C2椎弓根及枕骨螺钉间撑开将齿状突向前、下牵拉以恢复齿状突与C1前弓的解剖关系.结果 20例病人随访6-48个月,1例术后1周因基底动脉内血栓形成死亡,其余19例均明显改善.手术后影像学检查见脊髓延髓均获彻底减压,合并脊髓空洞的5例病人,空洞均明显缩小;各项影像学测量指标均明显好转(P<0.01).1例于术后3个月时CT提示复位部分丢失,但螺钉位置良好,脊髓延髓减压良好,脊髓空洞继续缩小,6个月时骨性融合.结论 首先选择后路复位及固定,而不是前路经口腔齿状突切除减压,是治疗寰枢椎脱位简单有效,相对安全的方法.