Polymorphism in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein AI gene associated with differences in apolipoprotein AI levels: The European Atherosclerosis Research Study

The effect associated with the substitution of adenine (A) for guanidine (G) in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein AI gene (?75 bp) with plasma apo AI and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels was investigated in the European Atherosclerosis Research Study (EARS). This is a study of healthy offspring (cases) of fathers who had suffered premature myocardial infarction (MI) before age 55 years (n = 565) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 1,078) from 12 European countries, divided into 5 regions based on geography and language. The frequency of the polymorphism was not significantly different among the regions and the relative frequency of the rare A allele was similar in cases and controls (0.159 vs. 0.142) combining data from all regions. Individuals with one or more A allele had significantly higher plasma apo AI levels (P < 0.05) than individuals homozygous for the G allele. This effect was consistent in all regions. The data were analyzed separately in males and females. In females, those with one or more A allele had significantly higher apo AI levels (P = 0.05) than individuals homozygous for the G allele, and this raising effect of the A allele was greater in cases than controls for both apo AI (5.23% vs. 1.56%) and HDL (4.48% vs. 1.89%). In males, the A allele was associated with higher levels of apo AI and HDL, but the effect was much smaller and the differences did not reach statistical significance. In the females, where the effect of the A allele was strongest, the effect on apo AI associated with genotype was evident in non-smokers, and individuals with one or two A alleles had 3.6% higher apo AI and 3.14% higher HDL levels than individuals homozygous for the G allele. However, in the female smokers the raising effect of the A allele was greatly reduced (0.56%). Thus genetic variation in the promoter region of the apo AI gene is associated with differences in apo AI and HDL levels in healthy individuals throughout Europe, but the effect is modulated by gender, environmental factors such as smoking, and a family history of MI.     

冠心病、高脂血症和低高密度脂蛋白血症患者载脂蛋白Al基因的多态性

本实验用分析基因限制性内切酶片段长度多态性(Restriction fragment length olymorphisms,RFLPs)技术,检测到中国人载脂蛋白AI(Apolipoprotein AI。Apo AI)基因3′端存一PstI多态位点,并发现该多态位点与低高密度脂蛋白(HDL)血症及冠心病有较密切的关系。     

Increased frequency of the rare PstI allele (P2) in a population of CAD patients in Northern Greece

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster and their association with coronary artery disease (CAD) and lipid levels were studied in a Northern Greek population. Ninety-five patients with CAD and fifty-four normal controls, angio-graphically proven, were included in this study. Using genomic hybridization techniques, three polymorphic restriction sites were identified at this locus: the PstI at the 3' end of the apoAI gene, the SacI at the 3' non-coding region of the apoCIII gene and the PvuII at the intergenic region between the apoCIII-AIV genes. The rare allele (P2) arising from the absence of the PstI restriction site was observed with a significantly higher frequency (p<0.01) in patients compared to normals (0.11 vs 0.02). In contrast, the rare allele for the SacI polymorphic site had a similar distribution among patients and controls (0.12 vs 0.16). The same was observed for the PvuII RFLP (0.04 vs 0.05). Correlation of lipid and apolipoprotein AI levels with the three RFLPs revealed no significant association, although apo AI and HDL were lower in patients with the P2 allele. Thus, in this Greek population, only the PstI polymorphism, among the polymorphic restriction sites examined, appears to be associated with CAD.     

Immunohistochemical characteristics of duodenal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis with special reference to cell kinetics

The duodenum is the second most frequent site of cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cell kinetics in duodenal and ampullary adenomas in FAP. The endoscopic and biopsy findings of duodenal adenomas in 22 FAP subjects and 18 non-FAP subjects were compared. Adenomas in FAP included 15 ampullary adenomas and 17 nonampullary adenomas. The cell kinetics was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, p53, bcl-2, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and the apoptotic index (AI) as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Any correlations between the indices for cell kinetics and the endoscopic findings were identified. All 50 adenomas were histologically verified to be tubular adenoma with low-grade dysplasia. Neither the expression of Ki-67, p53, bcl-2, and COX2 nor the AI differed substantially between FAP and non-FAP subjects. In patients with FAP, duodenal adenoma tended to have a higher Ki-67-labeling index than the ampullary adenoma (54.3 +/- 11.3 versus 46.8 +/- 12.7; .05 < P < .1). In addition, the Ki-67-labeling index in endoscopically normal or slightly enlarged ampullary adenoma was significantly higher than that in markedly enlarged ampullary adenoma (51.8 +/- 11.4 versus 39.4 +/- 11.3; P < .05). Duodenal adenoma in FAP subjects was not found to have a higher proliferative activity or a smaller degree of apoptosis compared with those in non-FAP subjects. The smaller proliferative activity in larger ampullary adenoma may thus be related to the static nature of ampullary adenoma in FAP.     

人工智能辅助学术同行评议的应用及分类

【目的】 分析人工智能(Artificial Intelligence, AI)作为辅助工具在学术同行评议中的创新应用,提出未来发展建议。【方法】 首先通过文献调研法和案例分析法,比较国内外AI辅助学术同行评议的应用实践;其次按功能对其进行分类,并阐述其主要支撑算法;最后展望AI在学术同行评议领域的未来发展方向。【结果】 国内方面,AI推荐审稿人功能被应用于基金评审,但AI学术影响力预测功能尚停留在研发阶段;国外方面,除学术不端检测功能外,其他功能的应用均处于起步阶段。按功能不同,AI辅助同行评议可分为投稿审查、审稿人推荐和学术影响力预测3类。其未来发展方向为:评议流程和文本结构的标准化、智能算法的通用化、评议专家库和已发表学术论文数据库的集成化;最终AI将发挥评议主体功能。【结论】 科研机构与学术期刊应积极参与全文文献数据库与全球审稿人数据库等相关数字基础设施建设,加快AI在学术同行评议中的应用,进一步推进该领域的数字化和智能化。     

人SR-AI转基因小鼠遗传与繁育的研究

目的探讨被转入的人SR-AI基因的整合与复制情况及其对小鼠繁育的影响.方法采用类似系祖建系的方法,对人SR-AI转基因小鼠的2、3534、3560、3638、3639五个系列进行了繁育.并用PCR和Southermblot的方法,检测五个系列小鼠尾组织的DNA样品.结果五个系列小鼠共产仔431只,PCR检出阳性小鼠178只,阳性率为41.2%.在3639系的F1、F2、F3代及纯合子转基因鼠中PCR阳性率分别为47.8%、71.3%、75%和100%.结论人SR-AI基因在子代鼠中能稳定遗传,且对生殖和发育无明显影响.     

人SR-AI转基因小鼠模型的主要形态学特性、血液学指标和血脂水平的研究

目的明确人SR-AI转基因小鼠的一些形态、脏器、血液学和血浆脂质参数,为人SR-AI转基因小鼠模型的应用提供相关依据.方法用游标卡尺和电子称量天平测量人SR-AI转基因小鼠的吻长、眶间距、体长、尾长及12个脏器系数并与C57BL/6J小鼠进行比较分析;用SysmexK-4500型全血自动多参数血液分析仪检测其血液学指标;并用酶法分别测定血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量.结果人SR-AI转基因小鼠外部形态指标和脏器系数与C57BL/6J小鼠比较差异没有显著意义(P>0.05);转基因小鼠的各项血液学指标无明显改变,血脂蛋白成分的改变亦未显示统计学意义(P>0.05),甘油三酯的浓度略有增高(P<0.05).结论人SR-AI转基因小鼠的外部形态指标、脏器系数及各项血液学指标均无明显改变,适合用作动脉粥样硬化模型的研究.     

一期前路病灶清除联合后路经S2骶髂关节螺钉内固定治疗腰骶椎感染

目的:评估一期前路病灶清除联合后路经S2骶髂关节螺钉内固定治疗腰骶椎感染的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月～2018年1月因腰骶椎感染行一期前路病灶清除联合后路经S2骶髂关节(second sacral alar-iliac,S2AI)螺钉内固定患者10例,男7例,女3例;年龄50～75岁,平均61.8±7.7岁。10例患者均系自发感染,其中3例合并糖尿病。所有患者均排除结核、布氏杆菌感染。所有患者术前完善白细胞计数、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)以及C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)等检查。术前根据细菌培养及药敏试验结果应用抗生素。术后继续使用敏感抗生素,监测白细胞计数、ESR以及CRP以指导抗生素使用。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术前腰背痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、术前腰椎JOA评分、末次随访VAS评分及JOA评分。影像学随访观察内固定及植骨融合情况。结果:10例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间165～225min,平均193.5±20.6min,术中出血量为200～450ml,平均310.0±81.0ml。手术切口一期愈合。抗生素使用时间83～97d,平均89.2±4.5d。术后3个月时所有患者白细胞计数、ESR及CRP均降至正常。随访期间未发现感染复发的患者。腰背痛VAS评分由术前6.4±1.0分降至末次随访时的1.4±1.0分(P0.05),JOA评分由术前14.4±2.8分上升至末次随访时的24.3±2.9分(P0.05)。末次随访时,所有病例内固定位置良好,植骨区融合良好。结论:一期前路病灶清除联合后路S2AI螺钉固定治疗腰骶椎感染,可获得坚强的固定和满意的疗效。     

Effects of Red Palm Oil on Serum Lipids and Plasma Carotenoids Level in Chinese Male Adults

Objective Effects of red palm oil on major plasma carotenoids, tocopherol, retinol and serum lipids were evaluated when used in Chinese diet. Methods Red palm oil group (RPO) composedof 20 male subjects(aged 18-32) and soybean oil group (SBO) composed of 22 male subjects