The clinical and pathological characteristics of Chinese patients with pauci-immune crescent golmerulonephritis

Objective　To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of pauci-immune crescent glomerulo～nephritis (PICGN) in Chinese patients. Methods　During 13 years (1985-1998), 6400 patients underwent non-transplanting renal biopsy. Twenty-four patients were diagnosed as PICGN. All clinical and laboratory data of these patients were collected from the patients’ records and used for detailed analysis. The diagnosis is based on clinico-pathologic findings. Results　Of the 24 patients, 16 were females and 8 were males, with median age of 33 years (ranged 10-76 years). Microscopic polyarteritis (MPA) (33.3%) and systemic vasculitis (8.3%) were the secondary diseases. The incidence of PICGN was 0.38% in renal biopsies and 22.9% in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Clinically, most patients (75.0%) showed rapidly progressive nephritis with enlarged kidneys. At onset, gross hematuria was noted in 58.3% of patients, hypertension in 45.8%, nephrotic syndrome in 41.7%, and oliguria in 25.0%. However, systemic symptoms were rare except for anemia. Pathologically, necrosis of glomerular capillaries (62.5%), infiltration of monocytes and neutrophil cells in glomeruli (66.7%), and vasculitis in the interstitium (53.3%) were observed. In addition, glomerulosclerosis was noted in 45.8%, severe tubular atrophy in 83.3% and interstitial fibrosis in 75.0%. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) were positive in 52.2%. All patients except two received intensively immunosuppressive therapy. Sixteen patients were available for long-term follow up (median 29.8 months, range 8-92 months). Twelve of them had life-sustaining renal function, four had normal serum creatinine (<124?μmol/L) and only 4 patients were dialysis-dependent. Conclusion　PICGN is not rare in China. Early diagnosis and administration of immunosuppressive therapy, particularly in patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), are important for good prognosis.     

寡免疫复合物型新月体肾炎的临床病理分析(英文)

目的　对寡免疫复合物型新月体肾炎进行临床病理分析。方法　采用病理检查包括 :光镜检查、免疫病理分析、血清学检查、肾功能检查以及统计学分析。结果　 6 4 0 0例非移植肾活检中发现 2 4例寡免疫复合物型新月体肾炎 (PICGN)患者 ,占肾活检总数的 0 37% ,占新月体肾炎总数的 2 3 9% ,其中女性 16例 ,男性 8例 ,平均年龄 33岁。血管炎中微型多动脉炎 (33 3% )和结节性多动脉炎 (8 3% )为常见继发病因。抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体 (ANCA)阳性率为 52 2 %。临床上多表现为急进性肾功能减退 (75 0 % ) ,发作性肉眼血尿发生率高 (58 3% ) ,高血压发生率为 4 5 8% ,肾病综合症发生率为 4 1 7% ,2 5%患者出现少尿无尿症状。除贫血外 ,肾外表现较少。病理上血管襻坏死 (6 2 5% )、单核及中性粒细胞浸润(6 6 7% )及小血管炎等为常见的急性病变 ;然而 ,小球硬化 (4 5 8% )、小管萎缩 (83 3% )、间质纤维化 (75 0 % )等慢性化病变也较严重。 2 2例患者行免疫抑制治疗 ,16例随访 8— 92个月 ,有 4例肾功能在正常范围 (<12 4 μmol/L) ,8例行非透析保守治疗 ,仅 4例进入终末期肾功能衰竭需进行维持性血透析治疗。结论　免疫抑制冲击治疗是治疗PICGN的有效方法。     

肾性骨病的骨膜下骨吸收

笔者采用手骨直接Ｘ线放大摄影和双手Ｘ线平片来研究慢性肾衰血透病人５１例。特征性的指骨骨膜下吸收放大摄影发现２５例占４９％;平片为１１例占２１．６％,结果表明,放大摄影的阳性率明显高于平片（Ｐ＜０．００５）,骨膜下吸收的二,三指中间指骨桡侧及指骨末端是肾性骨病的“靶区”,认为二者无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．５０）。骨膜下吸收还与血透时间,血磷,血钙和碱性磷酸酶水平相关。     

百草枯中毒合并多器官功能衰竭1例临床护理

百草枯(PQ)口服中毒吸收快,可导致肺、肾、肝、肾上腺、脑等器官出现损伤,中毒的特征性改变是肺损伤,可造成急性肺损伤或急性呼吸窘迫综合征,晚期则出现肺泡内和肺间质的纤维化,患者多死于多脏器功能衰竭或呼吸衰竭[1]。应用体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)抢救PQ中毒患者国内已有报道,但采     

无菌性尿频排尿不适综合征

急性膀胱刺激症 ,是一组最常见的与尿路感染有关的综合征 ,即尿频、尿急、尿痛或排尿不适 ,膀胱区疼痛。按照Ｓｔａｍｍ和Ｒｏｂｅｒｔ等的建议 ,将患有急性膀胱刺激症的妇女分为二组 :一组患者确有尿路感染 ,约占 70 % ,尿检有脓尿和真性尿路感染。这类患者的临床表现为细菌、     

专病专护护理模式在大型专病门诊中的应用

目的加强护理人才队伍建设,深化专科护理内涵,提高护理服务质量。方法通过考核,成立专病护士小组,实行专病专护,与医生的诊疗工作形成互补互动,为患者提供个性化护理。全程由护士长及专病组长进行质量监控。结果 2010年患者对护理工作满意度由2009年94.35%上升到97.12%,其中患者对用药知识的了解、饮食的了解等方面满意度也均较2009年提高了8.3%以上。结论专病专护这一新型护理模式能够显著提高护理服务质量,是大型专病门诊发展的必然需求。     

连续性肾脏替代治疗对肾移植患者血液环孢素A浓度的影响

为观察肾脏替代治疗对血环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）的浓度有无影响，我们对２例肾移植术后行替代治疗患者的血及滤液中ＣｓＡ浓度进行了监测。２例患者肾移植术后出现肾功能不全，行连续性静脉－静脉血液滤过（ＣＶＶＨ）治疗。１例患者为肾移植术后急性排斥，尿量５９０ｍｌ／ｄ...     

肾移植术后抗磷脂酶A2受体抗体阳性的复发性膜性肾病

40岁男性患者,既往临床表现肾病综合征,自体肾活检诊断膜性肾病(MN),抗磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)抗体滴度阳性,起病后7年进入慢性肾衰竭行血液透析(HD)治疗,HD治疗5个月后接受亲属活体肾移植,术前抗PLA2R抗体阳性。移植术后6个月尿蛋白阳性,抗PLA2R抗体滴度升高,移植肾活检提示MN复发。以抗CD20单克隆抗体(美罗华)375 mg/m~2治疗后,患者蛋白尿转阴,抗PLA2R抗体滴度下降。