放射治疗骨转移癌疼痛47例临床分析

目的 观察骨转移癌疼痛放射治疗方法对疼痛的缓解效果。方法47例患者60处骨转移灶均采用6 MV X线放射治疗。剂量方案采用两种方法:A方案:30—51 Gy/10～17f/2～4周,B方案:25～30 Gy/5—6f/1～2周。结果分次方案对疼痛缓解率无明显影响,总有效率均为91.5％,但常规分次放疗3～4次后疼痛缓解,而低分割放疗1—2次后疼痛即缓解。结论 骨转移癌放射治疗止痛效果确切、迅速,副作用小,对大部分病例可采用低分割方案。     

胸段食管癌三维适形放疗摆位误差研究

Objective To study the setup errors in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for thoracic esophageal carcinoma using electronic portal imaging device(EPID) and calculate the margins from CTV to PTV. Methods Forty-one patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma who received 3DCRT were continuously enrolled into this study. The anterior and lateral electronic portal images (EPI) were aquired by EPID once a week. The setup errors were obtained through comparing the difference between EPI and digitally reconstructed radiographs(DRR). Then the setup margins from CTV to PTV were calculat-ed. By using self paired design,22 patients received definitive radiotherapy with different margins. Group A: the margins were 10 mm in all the three axes;Group B: the margins were aquired in this study. The differ-ence were compared by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The margins from CTV to PTV in x,y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. Between the group A and group B, the difference of the maximum dose of the spinal cord was significant(4638.7 cGy±1449.6 cGy vs. 4310.2 cGy±1528.7 cGy; t=5.48, P=0.000), and the difference of NTCP for the spinal cord was also significant (4.82%±5.99% vs. 3.64%±4.70%;Z=-2.70,P=0.007). Conclusions For patients with tho-racic esophageal carcinoma who receive 3DCRT in author's department,the margins from CTV to PTV in x, y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. The spinal cord could be better protected by using these setup margins than using 10 mm in each axis.     

TP方案联合放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和不良反应

目的:分析TP方案联合放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法:选择局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者78例,随机将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组39例。观察组给予TP方案化疗联合调强放疗,对照组患者仅给予调强放疗。对比两组患者的治疗效果以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗结束后,观察组PD患者明显少于对照组,而治疗有效率明显高于对照组,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的不良反应发生率无显著差异,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TP方案联合放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效显著,且无明显不良反应,在局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的治疗中可作首选。     

直肠癌术前和术后放疗对小肠照射剂量和体积的影响

目的比较直肠癌术前和术后调强放射治疗（IMRT）对小肠照射剂量和体积的影响。方法回顾性分析30例直肠癌患者的放疗资料,其中15例为术前放疗,15例为术后放疗。应用Dx（x％小肠体积所接受的最低剂量）、Vx（XGy处方剂量所覆盖的小肠体积）、平均剂量、总体积来评价小肠受照射剂量、体积。结果与术后放疗相比,术前放疗的D2、D5差异具均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;与术后IMRT放疗计划相比,术前小肠的V5-V40绝对体积以及靶区内小肠的总体积均明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;而相对体积中除V25、V33外,均明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论直肠癌术前IMRT放疗计划中对小肠的保护优于术后放疗。     

局部放疗联合唑来膦酸治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛的效果分析

目的：研究局部放疗联合唑来膦酸治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛的临床疗效。方法选取2007年6月~2013年12月本院收治的恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛的患者78例,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组39例,对照组给予唑来膦酸,研究组在对照组的基础上给予局部放疗,比较两组临床疗效。结果研究组总有效率92.1%（35/38）显著高于对照组76.3%（29/38）,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;研究组止痛起效时间（7.3±2.1）d显著长于对照组的（3.3±1.1）d,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论局部放疗联合唑来膦酸治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛具有较好的临床疗效,且止痛时间较长。     

胸段食管癌三维适形放疗摆位误差研究

Objective To study the setup errors in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for thoracic esophageal carcinoma using electronic portal imaging device(EPID) and calculate the margins from CTV to PTV. Methods Forty-one patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma who received 3DCRT were continuously enrolled into this study. The anterior and lateral electronic portal images (EPI) were aquired by EPID once a week. The setup errors were obtained through comparing the difference between EPI and digitally reconstructed radiographs(DRR). Then the setup margins from CTV to PTV were calculat-ed. By using self paired design,22 patients received definitive radiotherapy with different margins. Group A: the margins were 10 mm in all the three axes;Group B: the margins were aquired in this study. The differ-ence were compared by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The margins from CTV to PTV in x,y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. Between the group A and group B, the difference of the maximum dose of the spinal cord was significant(4638.7 cGy±1449.6 cGy vs. 4310.2 cGy±1528.7 cGy; t=5.48, P=0.000), and the difference of NTCP for the spinal cord was also significant (4.82%±5.99% vs. 3.64%±4.70%;Z=-2.70,P=0.007). Conclusions For patients with tho-racic esophageal carcinoma who receive 3DCRT in author's department,the margins from CTV to PTV in x, y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. The spinal cord could be better protected by using these setup margins than using 10 mm in each axis.     

CNE、SPC-A1 和 MCF-7 人类肿瘤细胞 Ku80 基因同源性研究

目的研究人鼻咽鳞癌(CNE)、肺腺癌(SPC-A1)和乳腺腺癌(MCF-7)细胞 Ku80 基因功能区的保守性,探讨该基因突变与肿瘤放射和化学治疗疗效的关系.方法采用聚合酶链式反应和克隆技术测定 3 种肿瘤细胞内与 DNA 损伤修复有关的 Ku80 基因序列,分析他们的功能区保守性变化,模拟和比较突变产物亲疏水性差异.结果人 CNE、SPC-A1 和 MCF-7 肿瘤细胞 Ku80 基因同源性分别为99.95%、99.5%和99.7%,包括碱基转换和颠换突变.部分突变碱基导致产物氨基酸替代并影响他们的亲疏水结构.SPC-A1 细胞发生150aa Ile→Val、 470aa Asp→Gly、553aa Phe→Ile 替代和 570aa Gln→0 缺失;MCF-7 细胞发生 209aa Lys→Glu、231aa Leu→Arg 和 297aa →Ser 替代;而 CNE 细胞功能区高度保守.结论SPC-A1 和 MCF-7 细胞 Ku80p 功能区存在氨基酸替代,影响其结构和活性变化,与肿瘤细胞 DNA 双链断裂损伤修复能力和肿瘤放化疗疗效直接相关.     

人肿瘤细胞系LigaseⅣ基因突变与放射敏感性的关系研究

目的研究人肿瘤细胞DNA-LigaseⅣ基因突变与放射敏感性的关系.方法常规集落形成方法测定人鼻咽鳞癌(CNE)、肺腺癌(SPC-A1)和乳腺腺癌(MCF-7)细胞系不同剂量照射后的细胞存活分数,采用聚合酶链式反应和克隆技术测定3种细胞参与DNA损伤修复的DNA ligaseⅣ基因序列,分析它们的同源性变化和突变对基因产物亲疏水性的影响.结果 3种细胞存活参数比较存在较大差异,CNE细胞较SPC-A1和MCF-7细胞显示出较高的放射敏感性.CNE、SPC-A1和MCF-7细胞LigaseⅣ基因同源性分别为99.95%、99.99%和99.98%,包括碱基转换和颠换突变.部分突变碱基导致氨基酸替代并影响基因产物的亲疏水结构.CNE细胞LigaseⅣp的313aa His→Arg、538aa Gly→Arg、579aa Lys→Arg和585aa Asn→Ser替代与CNE细胞放射敏感性高于SPC-A1和MCF-7细胞有关.结论 LigaseⅣp在非同源性末端连接(NHEJ)途径中起关键和最终连接作用,该基因突变影响肿瘤细胞的双链断裂损伤修复能力和放射敏感性.     

胸段食管癌三维适形放疗摆位误差研究

Objective To study the setup errors in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for thoracic esophageal carcinoma using electronic portal imaging device(EPID) and calculate the margins from CTV to PTV. Methods Forty-one patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma who received 3DCRT were continuously enrolled into this study. The anterior and lateral electronic portal images (EPI) were aquired by EPID once a week. The setup errors were obtained through comparing the difference between EPI and digitally reconstructed radiographs(DRR). Then the setup margins from CTV to PTV were calculat-ed. By using self paired design,22 patients received definitive radiotherapy with different margins. Group A: the margins were 10 mm in all the three axes;Group B: the margins were aquired in this study. The differ-ence were compared by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The margins from CTV to PTV in x,y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. Between the group A and group B, the difference of the maximum dose of the spinal cord was significant(4638.7 cGy±1449.6 cGy vs. 4310.2 cGy±1528.7 cGy; t=5.48, P=0.000), and the difference of NTCP for the spinal cord was also significant (4.82%±5.99% vs. 3.64%±4.70%;Z=-2.70,P=0.007). Conclusions For patients with tho-racic esophageal carcinoma who receive 3DCRT in author's department,the margins from CTV to PTV in x, y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. The spinal cord could be better protected by using these setup margins than using 10 mm in each axis.     

335例鼻咽癌根治性放疗后晚期反应分析

目的 分析我院鼻咽癌患者根治性常规放疗后长期生存情况和晚期反应.方法 我院335例经病理证实为鼻咽癌的初治患者均接受根治性常规放疗,57.0％的患者接受顺铂+氟尿嘧啶为主的化疗.观察并记录患者的长期生存情况和晚期反应.结果 随访率92.2％,中位随访时间55(1～104)个月.全组5年总生存率、无进展生存率、无复发生存...