Characteristics of drowning deaths in an inner city river

A study was undertaken of all drowning deaths that occurred over a 30-year period from 1988 to 2017 in the urban section of the River Torrens, Adelaide, South Australia, an augmented waterway that runs through the central business district. Autopsy records from Forensic Science South Australia (FSSA) were reviewed. There were 34 drownings (0–5 cases/yr) with 28 males and 6 females (M;F = 4.6:1), with an age range for males of 18-76yrs (mean 42.0; SD 18.0) and for females of 20-84yrs (mean 69.3; SD 24.5). There were 15 (44%) accidents, 11 (32%) suicides, 1 (3%) homicide and 7 (21%) undetermined. Of the 22 cases during or after 1994 with complete toxicology reports, 10 (45%) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of greater than 0.05% (g/100 mL) with an illicit substance detected in 4 (18%) cases: (MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), methylamphetamine and THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) acid). The presence of various therapeutic drugs was also detected in 10 cases (45%) including temazepam, fluoxetine, diazepam, olanzapine, amitriptyline, carbamazepine, codeine, citalopram and valproate. Although the numbers of cases were not high, the urban portion of the River Torrens had a much higher number of drowning events per kilometre compared to other inland waterways in South Australia such as the Murray River. This is most likely due to the vulnerability that exists for intoxicated individuals in the city from falls into the water and to the availability of the river as a means of suicide to members of the adjacent urban population.     

Can Labor Market Policies Reduce Deaths of Despair?

Do minimum wages and the earned income tax credit (EITC) mitigate rising “deaths of despair?” We leverage state variation in these policies over time to estimate event study and difference-in-differences models of deaths due to drug overdose, suicide, and alcohol-related causes. Our causal models find no significant effects on drug or alcohol-related mortality, but do find significant reductions in non-drug suicides. A 10 percent minimum wage increase reduces non-drug suicides among low-educated adults by 2.7 percent, and the comparable EITC figure is 3.0 percent. Placebo tests and event-study models support our causal research design. Increasing both policies by 10 percent would likely prevent a combined total of more than 700 suicides each year.     

Identifying patients at risk for,and treatment of major psychiatric complications of cancer

A critically important aspect of supportive care in cancer is the prompt recognition and effective treatment of psychiatric complications. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and delirium occur in a signifcant percentage of cancer patients, particularly as disease advances and as cancer treatments become more aggressive. This paper reviews factors that can be utilized to identify patients who are at increased risk for developing psychiatric complications, such as those with advanced disease, certain cancer treatments, uncontrolled physical symptoms, functional limitations, lack of social support, and past history of psychiatric disorder. Methods of diagnostic assessment and strategies for managing depression, anxiety, delirium and suicidal ideation are also reviewed.Presented as an invited lecture at the 6th International Symposium: Supportive Care in Cancer, New Orleans, La., USA, 2–5 March 1994     

医学高校继续医学教育思路与措施

对高等医学院校开展继续医学教育的指导思想和工作的思路进行阐述；提出了开展继续医学教育的有效措施：大力宣传继续医学教育，树立终身教育观念；建立健全组织机构，明确工作职责；完善继续医学教育规章制度，建立有效的运行机制；注重继续医学教育项目举办和基地建设，实行目标管理；规范管理继续医学教育项目，严格掌握证书的发放。     

广州市大学生尝试自杀现况及其影响因素分析

目的了解广州市大学生尝试自杀现状及其影响因素，为高校健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法，用自编调查表对大学生进行问卷调查，在此基础上结合专题小组讨论的定性研究方法进行分析。结果大学生近1a内尝试自杀报告率为6．0％，不同性别、学校、专业的学生尝试自杀报告率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；城镇学生尝试自杀报告率为6．6％，高于农村学生的4．2％（x^2=4．71，P=0．032）。对自杀行为的态度、朋友和家人有过自杀行为、消极应对、负性生活事件等是尝试自杀的危险因素，获得社会支持是尝试自杀的保护因素。定性访谈发现，学校几乎没有开展过自杀行为的健康教育活动，绝大部分学生对自杀行为持中立态度。结论加强健康教育、消除危险因素、提高保护因素可以最大限度地预防自杀.     

Trends of youth suicide in Europe during the 1980s and 1990s – gender differences and implications for prevention

Youth suicide constitutes a considerable public health problem in many European countries. Suicide mortality in adolescents and young adults has increased during the 1980s and 1990s in several European countries and predominantly in young males. This paper summarises the international discussion on potential reasons for these trends, including changes in ascertainment practices, in the prevalence of psychopathology (mainly depression and substance abuse), in psychosocial and socio-economic conditions and in the methods chosen for suicidal behaviour. Potential reasons for the gender differences in trends are scrutinised.     

235例神经症患者就诊途径及心理分析

研究目的探讨神经症的就诊途径及心理治疗措施。研究方法分析研究对5例神经症患者的就诊途径、就诊心理、治疗方法和治疗效果。结果对住院治疗的对5例神经症进行分析研究，结果表明，正确的就诊途径，合理的治疗方法，使神经症治疗时间明显缩短，疗效显著提高，有效230例，占97.9％。结论本研究明确了就诊途径、治疗方法在神经症治疗中的重要作用，以及普及精神卫生知识的重要性，为神经症的防治工作提供了重要依据。