2010—2016年重庆市中毒病例流行病学特征及影响因素分析

对2010年1月—2016年7月重庆市中毒救治指定医疗机构收治的2 497例中毒患者进行回顾性分析。结果显示，中毒患者中男性1 230例（49.3%）、女性1 267例（50.7%）；分布最多的3个年龄段依次是41~50岁（18.5%）、≤10岁（16.4%）和21~30岁（13.0%）；死亡16例，病死率0.6%。中毒类型构成排前三位的是细菌（33.8%）、化学品（32.2%）、植物（14.8%）。中毒预后多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示重度中毒患者结局死亡的可能性是轻度患者的1 102倍。提示重庆市应重点关注农村地区41~50岁人群的细菌、化学品、药物中毒，同时应该加强儿童中毒防控工作。     

Concordance study between the ParaDNA® Intelligence Test,a Rapid DNA profiling assay,and a conventional STR typing kit (AmpFlSTR® SGM Plus®)

The ParaDNA^® Intelligence Test enables STR profiling directly from human biological samples and evidence items collected from crime scene in 75 min. Designed for non-expert use this system allows DNA information to be available to investigators before it would typically be available from a laboratory. The ParaDNA Intelligence Test system amplifies D3S1358, D8S119, D16S539, D18S1358 and TH01 STR loci and the gender typing locus amelogenin and detects the alleles present with HyBeacon^® probes. Individual DNA samples from 381 UK Caucasian individuals were analysed using AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® and the ParaDNA Intelligence Test with the derived STR profiles compared. Here we describe the high level of concordance demonstrated between the two systems and discuss this with reference to allele frequencies and the discriminatory power offered by the ParaDNA Intelligence Test.     

Developmental validation of the ParaDNA® Intelligence System—A novel approach to DNA profiling

DNA profiling through the analysis of STRs remains one of the most widely used tools in human identification across the world. Current laboratory STR analysis is slow, costly and requires expert users and interpretation which can lead to instances of delayed investigations or non-testing of evidence on budget grounds. The ParaDNA^® Intelligence System has been designed to provide a simple, fast and robust way to profile DNA samples in a lab or field-deployable manner. The system analyses 5-STRs plus amelogenin to deliver a DNA profile that enables users to gain rapid investigative leads and intelligent prioritisation of samples in human identity testing applications. Utilising an innovative sample collector, minimal training is required to enable both DNA analysts and nonspecialist personnel to analyse biological samples directly, without prior processing, in approximately 75 min. The test uses direct PCR with fluorescent HyBeacon^® detection of STR allele lengths to provide a DNA profile. The developmental validation study described here followed the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines and tested the sensitivity, reproducibility, accuracy, inhibitor tolerance, and performance of the ParaDNA Intelligence System on a range of mock evidence items. The data collected demonstrate that the ParaDNA Intelligence System displays useful DNA profiles when sampling a variety of evidence items including blood, saliva, semen and touch DNA items indicating the potential to benefit a number of applications in fields such as forensic, military and disaster victim identification (DVI).     

甲型流感病毒快速基因分型POCT方法的建立

目的建立一种无需核酸提取,直接检测鼻咽拭子中甲型流感病毒H1HA pdm09、H3HA亚型和季节性流感病毒H1HA non-pdm09的POCT快速分型方法。方法针对3种流感病毒的血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)基因序列保守区设计高度特异性的引物和HyBeacon探针,同时以人类RNaseP基因作为内参。优化多重PCR反应条件,建立用熔解曲线分析甲型流感病毒基因分型的方法,并将其应用到ParaDNA核酸POCT检测仪,对50例甲型流感病毒抗原初筛阳性且经过实时荧光定量PCR检测的临床鼻咽拭子标本进行检测。结果该方法可在1.5 h内完成对3种甲型流感病毒亚型HA基因的特异性扩增和分型,与其他7种呼吸道病原微生物无交叉反应,其核酸检测下限为50 copies/μl。对临床50例甲型流感病毒抗原阳性的鼻咽拭子标本进行直接检测,检出H1HA pdm09阳性标本48例,H3HA阳性标本2例,未检出季节性流感H1HA nonpdm09阳性标本。结论基于HyBeacon探针和ParaDNA核酸POCT检测仪所建立的甲型流感病毒快速分型方法能同时检测H1HA pdm09、H3HA和季节性流感病毒H1HA non-pdm09。该方法无需核酸提取,操作简便,检测时间短,适于对甲型流感病毒抗原初筛阳性的鼻咽拭子开展现场基因分型检测,可为流感的诊治和防控提供及时快速的实验室依据。