经纤支镜气道内膜下注射药物治疗对支气管内膜结核患者并发症的影响

目的探讨纤支镜气道注射药物治疗对支气管内膜结核患者并发症的影响。方法选择2018年1月—2019年1月在湖北省潜江市中心医院治疗的支气管内膜结核患者66例,分为对照组和研究组各33例。对照组给予药物雾化吸入疗法,研究组经过纤支镜气道内膜下注射药物治疗。比较两组治疗效果和症状缓解的影响。结果研究组总有效率为90.91%,对照组总有效率为84.85%,研究组的治疗效果均高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组并发症发生率为39.39%,研究组并发症发生率18.18%,研究组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论经纤支镜气道内膜下注射药物治疗支气管内膜结核患者并发症的发生率较小。     

中药雾化对慢性单纯性鼻炎鼻腔粘膜微循环血流量的影响

目的:探讨中药雾化吸入对慢性单纯性鼻炎患者鼻腔粘膜微循环血流量的影响。方法:60例患者采用复方丹参、鱼腥草注射液超声雾化治疗3疗程。分别于治疗前后采用吸入性氢气清除法测定鼻粘膜微循环血流量的变化。结果:慢性单纯性鼻炎鼻粘膜微循环血流量较健康对照组明显减低,经雾化治疗后得到明显改善,其差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:慢性单纯性鼻炎患者经中药雾化治疗后鼻粘膜微循环血流量明显增加,临床效果较好。     

Small animal jet injection technique results in enhanced immunogenicity of hantavirus DNA vaccines

DNA vaccine evaluation in small animals is hampered by low immunogenicity when the vaccines are delivered using a needle and syringe. To overcome this technical hurdle we tested the possibility that a device developed for human intradermal medicine delivery might be adapted to successfully deliver a DNA vaccine to small animals. Disposable syringe jet injection (DSJI) does not currently exist for small animals. However, a commercialized, human intradermal device used to to administer medicines to the human dermis in a 0.1 mL volume was evaluated in Syrian hamsters. Here, we found that hantavirus DNA vaccines administered to hamsters using DSJI were substantially more immunogenic than the same vaccines delivered by needle/syringe or particle mediated epidermal delivery (gene gun) vaccination. By adjusting how the device was used we could deliver vaccine to either subcutaneous tissues, or through the skin into the muscle. RNA and/or antigen expression was detected in epidermal, subepidermal and fibroblast cells. We directly compared six optimized and non-optimized hantavirus DNA vaccines in hamsters. Optimization, including codon-usage and mRNA stability, did not necessarily result in increased immunogenicity for all vaccines tested; however, optimization of the Andes virus (ANDV) DNA vaccine protected vaccinated hamsters from lethal disease. This is the first time active vaccination with an ANDV DNA vaccine has shown protective efficacy in the hamster model. The adaptation of a human intradermal jet injection device for use as a method of subcutaneous and intramuscular jet injection of DNA vaccines will advance the development of nucleic acid based medical countermeasures for diseases modeled in hamsters.     

雾化吸入博利康尼联合沐舒坦在慢支治疗中的作用

目的探讨博利康尼、沐舒坦在慢性支气管炎急性加重期治疗中的作用.方法慢支急性加重期患者142例,随机分为治疗组和对照组两大组.治疗组110例分为A、B、C三个方案组,用氧启动雾化吸入治疗.A组博利康尼雾化液2.5mg/ml;B组沐舒坦注射液7.5mg/ml;C组博利康尼雾化液2.5mg/ml+沐舒坦注射液7.5mg/ml.对照组32例给予α-糜蛋白酶400U/ml.结果在治疗组中A、B方案组的有效率分别为77.8%和80.6%,A、B两组疗效无显著差异(P＞0.05).C方案组的有效率为92.1%,与A、B方案组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05).对照组的有效率为75.0%,治疗组中C方案组与对照组比较,也有显著差异(P＜0.05).从达到临床缓解的时间比较,A、B方案组、对照组三者无显著差异(P＞0.05),但与C方案组比较却有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论在慢支急性加重期的治疗中,采用氧启动雾化联合吸入博利康尼、沐舒坦有助于病情缓解.     

病毒唑雾化吸入治疗上呼吸道感染40例

目的　探讨病毒唑雾化吸入在上呼吸道感染中的疗效。方法　治疗组 4 0例 ,应用病毒唑 15mg/kg雾化吸入 ,15min吸完 ;。对照组 4 0例静脉滴注病毒唑。 结果　治疗组治愈率为 95% ,对照组为 6 3.2 % ,两组差异明显 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　静脉滴注到达呼吸道剂量较少 ,超声雾化可使吸入 70 %药物直接分布于呼吸道表面 ,且无副作用。     

Production of 5–15 µm Diameter Alginate-Polylysine Microcapsules by an Air-Atomization Technique

A novel method of preparing small-sized microcapsules using a Turbotak air-atomizer is reported. Alginate-polylysine microcapsules containing Bacillus Calmette Guérin vaccine have been prepared by an adaptation of the method of Lim (1) which allows the manufacture of small-sized microcapsules. A Turbotak is used to spray sodium alginate solution into calcium chloride solution to form temporary calcium alginate microgel capsules. These temporary microgel droplets are subsequently cross-linked with polylysine to form permanent membranes. Microcapules in the size range of 5–15 µm have been produced which can be compared to an average diameter of 300 µm obtained by the method reported by Lim. The microcapsule size is dependent on the conditions of operation of the Turbotak and the concentration of the sodium alginate solution. Particles within the size range 5–15 µm can be reproducibly manufactured using the conditions of operation reported here. Other size ranges below the minimum of 300 µm reported by Lim are also feasible using this technique.     

Factors affecting aerosol performance during nebulization with jet and ultrasonic nebulizers

Nebulization of aqueous solutions is a convenient delivery system to deliver drugs to the lungs because it can produce droplets small enough to reach the alveolar region. However, the droplet size might be affected by the changes in the temperature and the concentration of the nebulizing solution in the reservoir during nebulization. In this study, the changes in the droplet size over the nebulization time using a PariBoy air-jet and a Multisonic ultrasonic nebulizer have been studied. The findings were related to changes in the temperature, concentration, surface tension, viscosity and saturated vapour pressure of the nebulizing solution. By using the jet nebulizer, an increase in the droplet size followed by a decrease has been observed. This observation could be attributed to the approx. 7 degrees C reduction of the temperature during the first 2 min in the jet nebulizer reservoir which increased the viscosity of the nebulizing solution. After this initial period of time, the increasing drug concentration induced a reduction of the surface tension and, consequently, a decrease in the droplet size. However, with the ultrasonic nebulizer a temperature increase of approx. 20 degrees C during the first 6 min in the nebulizing solution was observed leading to a decrease in droplet size, viscosity and surface tension and an increasing saturated vapour pressure. This again led to smaller average droplet sizes.     

Tubeless Laryngotracheal Surgery in Infants and Children via Jet Ventilation Laryngoscope

We present the first use of tubeless superimposed combined high- and low-frequency jet ventilation (SHFJV) with a jet laryngoscope in laryngotracheal surgery in infants and children. Twenty-eight patients underwent 53 operative procedures. The average age of the patients was 7.3 years. The most common diagnoses were laryngeal papillomatosis and subglottic stenosis. The duration of jet ventilation averaged 33 min. The gas exchange was sufficient in each case. The advantages of SHFJV in the surgery of the laryngotracheal area in infants and children are optimal view at the larynx and trachea, maximum space for the handling, application of the laser without risks, no time limitation, suitability for stenosis, and neither anesthetic nor surgical complications.     

咽喉灵合剂雾化吸入治疗急性咽炎疗效观察

目的观察自制中药咽喉灵合剂雾化吸入治疗急性咽炎的疗效.方法将225例急性咽炎患者随机分为两组,咽喉灵雾化组150例,西药雾化对照组75例,对两种药物治疗效果进行比较.结果咽喉灵雾化组总有效率96.7%,西药雾化组总有效率81.3%.经χ2检验显示两组间疗效差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论咽喉灵合剂雾化吸入治疗急性咽炎有较好的疗效.     

超声雾化佐治急性皮炎湿疹

目的比较超声雾化和湿敷外用对急性皮炎湿疹的临床疗效.方法将53例患者随机分成2组,实验组(28例)采用超声雾化法,对照组(25例)用湿敷法治疗,比较两组的治疗效果.结果实验组的治愈率和有效率与对照组无显著性差异(P＞0.05),两组均无不良反应发生.结论采用超声雾化法治疗急性皮炎湿疹效果与湿敷法相当.