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1.
The main effector mechanisms of neutrophils are the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In this work, we evaluated the role of NETs and the activity of MPO in the interactions of rodent neutrophils with amoebae and in amoebic liver abscess (ALA)-resistant and ALA-susceptible models. We showed with in vitro assays that mice produced greater amounts of NETs and MPO than did hamsters, and the elastase activity was high in both models. However, the inhibition of NETs and MPO promoted an increase in amoeba viability in the mice. The mouse ALAs showed a more profound presence of NETs and MPO than did the hamster ALAs. We concluded that both effector mechanisms were essential for the amoebic damage and could prevent the formation of ALAs in the resistant model.  相似文献   
2.
Amoebiasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by the enteric protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, a leading basis of deaths accounted to parasites, succeeding malaria and schistosomiasis. Conventional treatment methodologies used to deal with amoebiasis mainly rely on the administration of anti‐amoebic compounds and vaccines but are often linked with substantial side‐effects on the patient. Besides, cases of development of drug resistance in protozoans have been recorded, contributing further to the reduction in the efficiency of the treatment. Loopholes in the efficacious management of the disease call for the development of novel methodologies to manage amoebiasis. A way to achieve this is by targeting the essential metabolic processes of ‘encystation’ and ‘excystation’, and the associated biomolecules, thus interrupting the biphasic life cycle of the parasite. Technologies like the CRISPR‐Cas9 system can efficiently be exploited to discover novel and essential molecules that regulate the protozoan's metabolism, while efficiently manipulating and managing the known drug targets, leading to an effective halt and forestall to the enteric infection. This review presents a perspective on these essential metabolic processes and the associated molecules that can be targeted efficaciously to prevent the transmission of amoebiasis, thus managing the disease and proving to be a fruitful endeavour.  相似文献   
3.
目的了解综合性医院腹泻患者溶组织内阿米巴感染现状,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法选择上海市3所综合性医院肠道门诊,采集门诊腹泻患者新鲜粪便和血清,分别采用生理盐水涂片法和碘液染色法、免疫层析法、ELISA法进行检测,以了解腹泻患者溶组织内阿米巴感染状况,并对感染者特征进行分析。结果检测腹泻患者粪便样本1 015份,检出溶组织内阿米巴原虫病原学阳性36份,总阳性率为3.55%。3所医院腹泻患者病原学阳性率间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),溶组织内阿米巴阳性者性别、年龄、职业和文化程度分布差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05),脓血便中溶组织内阿米巴阳性率显著高于稀便和水样便(P均0.01)。7-9月为发病高峰。88.90%的阳性者有腹痛,75.00%和22.23%的阳性者粪便查见白细胞和红细胞。试剂条法检测溶组织内阿米巴粪抗原阳性率为8.18%(83/1 015),ELISA法检测溶组织内阿米巴Ig G抗体阳性率为7.12%(48/675)。结论夏秋季是溶组织内阿米巴感染高发季节,应加强监测;脓血便中溶组织内阿米巴检出阳性率较高,联合应用多种检测手段能提高检出率。  相似文献   
4.
5.
管悦  冯萌  程训佳 《传染病信息》2015,28(3):183-186
溶组织内阿米巴是侵袭性阿米巴病的病原体,据估计每年全世界约有5000万人感染。同时据已报道的为数不多的流行病学调查数据显示,溶组织内阿米巴感染在HIV感染者这一特殊人群中正呈上升趋势。尽管溶组织内阿米巴并未归入机会致病寄生虫,但其和HIV感染的相关性越来越受到关注。本文就溶组织内阿米巴在HIV感染者中流行情况、感染的危险因素、临床表现、诊断及治疗方面进行综述。  相似文献   
6.
Entamoeba histolytica invades the intestine and other organs during the pathogenesis of amoebiasis. In the early stages, the host organism responds with an inflammatory infiltrate composed mostly of neutrophils. It has been reported that these immune cells, activated by E. histolytica, exert a protective role by releasing proteolytic enzymes and generating reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antimicrobial peptides. It is now known that neutrophils also produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are able to damage and kill pathogens. Studies have shown that intracellular protozoan pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondi, Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania spp, induce neutrophils to release NETs and are damaged by them. However, the action of this mechanism has not been explored in relation to E. histolytica trophozoites. Through scanning electron, epifluorescence microscopy and viability assays, we show for first time that during in vitro interaction with E. histolytica trophozoites, human neutrophils released NETs that covered amoebas and reduced amoebic viability. These NETs presented histones, myeloperoxidase and decondensed chromatin. The results suggest that NETs participate in the elimination of the parasite.  相似文献   
7.
ObjectivesMultiplex PCR assays offer highly sensitive and specific tools for the detection of enteric pathogens. This prospective study aimed at comparing the novel Roche LightMix Modular Assay Gastro Parasites (LMAGP) detecting Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., Blastocystis hominis, and Dientamoeba fragilis with routine laboratory procedures.MethodsStool specimens (n = 1062 from 1009 patients) were consecutively examined by LMAGP, R-Biopharm Ridascreen enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) detecting G. duodenalis or E. histolytica/dispar, and microscopy of wet mounts. Discrepant results were analysed by in-house PCR.ResultsD. fragilis or B. hominis were detected by LMAGP in 131 (14.4%) and 179 (19.9%; 16 samples positive by microscopy; p < 0.0001) of 909 samples, respectively. Of 918 samples analysed for Cryptosporidium spp., six were positive by LMAGP (three could be confirmed by Kinyoun staining and one by in-house PCR). G. duodenalis was detected by LMAGP, EIA, or microscopy in 20, 16, or 9 of 1039 stool samples, respectively; all four samples missed by EIA were confirmed by in-house PCR. In total, 938 stool samples were analysed for E. histolytica/dispar. Nine of ten EIA-positive samples were negative by LMAGP but positive by in-house PCR for E. dispar. One E. histolytica infection (positive by both LMAGP and in-house PCR) was missed by EIA and microscopy. Parasites only detected by microscopy included Enterobius vermicularis eggs (n = 3) and apathogenic amoebae (n = 27).ConclusionsThe data call for routine use of multiplex PCR assays for the detection of enteric protozoan parasites in laboratory diagnostics.  相似文献   
8.

Background

Entamoeba moshkovskii and E. dispar are impossible to differentiate microscopically from the pathogenic species E. histolytica. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Multiplex PCR) is a widespread molecular biology technique for amplification of multiple targets in a single PCR experiment.

Methods

For detection and differentiation of the three-microscopy indistinguishable Entamoeba species in human, multiplex PCR assay using different DNA extraction methods was studied. A conserved forward primer was derived from the middle of the small-subunit rRNA gene, and reverse primers were designed from signature sequences specific to each of these three Entamoeba species.

Results

A 166-bp PCR product with E. histolytica DNA, a 580-bp product with E. moshkovskii DNA and a 752-bp product with E. dispar DNA were generated in a single-round and multiplex PCR reaction.

Conclusion

We recommend this PCR assay as an accurate, rapid, and effective diagnostic method for the detection and discrimination of these three Entamoeba species in both routine diagnosis of amoebiasis and epidemiological surveys.  相似文献   
9.
We compared a latex agglutination test (LAT) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect hemagglutination assay in the diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis. A retrospective biological records review has included 639 patients for whom these three serological tests were performed. The sensitivity of the LAT was 97.8% and the specificity was 97%.  相似文献   
10.
目的观察齿龈内阿米巴(Eg)对实验动物的致病作用,了解其发病机制,研究Eg感染与牙周病的关系。方法从牙周病患者的牙周袋内容物分离Eg虫株并培养,分组人工感染大白鼠,观察Eg、共生菌(sb)和生理盐水的致病作用以及组织病理改变。结果Eg组s、b组及生理盐水对照组大白鼠牙周组织炎症发病率分别为87.50%、68.75%和12.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论宿主免疫力低下时,Eg感染可导致牙龈组织炎症发生。  相似文献   
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