Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with heart failure with a midrange ejection fraction

BackgroundCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improves survival in patients with heart failure and severely reduced left ventricular systolic function (LVEF). Limited data exist regarding adverse cardiovascular event rates after CABG in patients with heart failure with midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF; LVEF > 40% and < 55%).MethodsWe analyzed data on isolated CABG patients from the Veterans Affairs national database (2010-2019). We stratified patients into control (normal LVEF and no heart failure), HFmrEF, and heart failure with reduced LVEF (HFrEF) groups. We compared all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization rates between groups with a Cox model and recurrent events analysis, respectively.ResultsIn 6533 veterans, HFmrEF and HFrEF was present in 1715 (26.3%) and 566 (8.6%) respectively; the control group had 4252 (65.1%) patients. HFrEF patients were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (59%), insulin therapy (36%), and previous myocardial infarction (31%). Anemia was more prevalent in patients with HFrEF (49%) as was a lower serum albumin (mean, 3.6 mg/dL). Compared with the control group, a higher risk of death was observed in the HFmrEF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.3 [1.2-1.5)] and HFrEF (HR, 1.5 [1.2-1.7]) groups. HFmrEF patients had the higher risk of myocardial infarction (subdistribution HR, 1.2 [1-1.6]; P = .04). Risk of heart failure hospitalization was higher in patients with HFmrEF (HR, 4.1 [3.5-4.7]) and patients with HFrEF (HR, 7.2 [6.2-8.5]).ConclusionsHeart failure with midrange ejection fraction negatively affects survival after CABG. These patients also experience higher rates myocardial infarction and heart failure hospitalization.     

Conditions and extent of volatile loss from the Moon during formation of the Procellarum basin

Rocks from the lunar interior are depleted in moderately volatile elements (MVEs) compared to terrestrial rocks. Most MVEs are also enriched in their heavier isotopes compared to those in terrestrial rocks. Such elemental depletion and heavy isotope enrichments have been attributed to liquid–vapor exchange and vapor loss from the protolunar disk, incomplete accretion of MVEs during condensation of the Moon, and degassing of MVEs during lunar magma ocean crystallization. New Monte Carlo simulation results suggest that the lunar MVE depletion is consistent with evaporative loss at 1,670 ± 129 K and an oxygen fugacity +2.3 ± 2.1 log units above the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer. Here, we propose that these chemical and isotopic features could have resulted from the formation of the putative Procellarum basin early in the Moon’s history, during which nearside magma ocean melts would have been exposed at the surface, allowing equilibration with any primitive atmosphere together with MVE loss and isotopic fractionation.

Returned samples of basaltic rocks from the Moon provided evidence decades ago that the Moon is depleted in volatile elements compared to the Earth (1), with lunar basalt abundances of moderately volatile elements (MVEs) being ∼1/5 that of terrestrial basalt abundances for alkali elements and ∼1/40 for other MVE, such as Zn, Ag, In, and Cd (2). The theme of lunar volatiles thus seemed settled. Yet, the unambiguous detection in 2008 of lunar indigenous hydrogen and other volatile elements, such as F, Cl, and S in pyroclastic glasses (3), heralded a new era of research into lunar volatiles, overturning the decades-old paradigm of a bone-dry Moon (e.g., refs. 4 and 5). Here, we define volatile elements as those with 50% condensation temperatures below these of the major rock-forming elements Fe, Mg, and Si (6). This paradigm shift was accompanied by new measurements of volatile stable isotope compositions (e.g., H, C, N, Cl, K, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, and Sn) in a wealth of bulk lunar samples (7–18) and in the mineral phases and melt inclusions they host (19–28). These studies have shown that the stable isotope compositions of most MVEs (e.g., K, Zn, Ga, and Rb) are enriched in their heavier isotopes with respect to the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) (9, 11, 13–15, 17). Such heavy isotope enrichment is associated with elemental depletion, which has been variously attributed to liquid–vapor exchange and vapor loss from the protolunar disk (17, 18), incomplete accretion of MVEs during condensation of the Moon (13, 29, 30), and degassing of these elements during lunar magma ocean crystallization (9, 11, 14, 15, 25, 31). Almost all these hypotheses have typically assumed that the MVE depletions and associated MVE isotope fractionations are relevant to the whole Moon. However, our lunar sample collections are biased, as all Apollo and Luna returned samples come from the lunar nearside from within or around the anomalous Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT) region (e.g., ref. 32), where KREEP stands for enriched in K, REEs, and P. Barnes et al. (26) proposed that the heavy Cl isotope signature measured in KREEP-rich Apollo samples resulted from metal-chloride degassing from late-stage lunar magma ocean melts in response to a large crust-breaching impact event, spatially associated with the PKT region, which facilitated exposure of these late-stage melts to the lunar surface. Here, we further investigate whether a localized impact event could have been responsible for the general MVE depletion and heavy MVE isotope enrichment measured in lunar samples.     

垂黄清脉冲剂干预治疗冠心病稳定型心绞痛热毒痰瘀证患者NF-κB信号通路的研究

目的 探讨垂黄清脉冲剂对冠心病稳定型心绞痛（热毒痰瘀证）患者NF-κB信号通路的调控。方法 本试验研究方法采用单盲、随机、对照法，选取就诊于宁夏医科大学总医院临床诊断为冠心病稳定型心绞痛（热毒痰瘀证）患者94例，将其随机分入对照组48例和试验组46例。两组均给予内科常规西药治疗，对照组加服银丹心脑通软胶囊，试验组加服垂黄清脉冲剂，疗程为3个月。于治疗前、后记录患者的基本情况，并采集血清样本，用酶联免疫吸附测定法（Elisa法）检测血清中TNF-α、NF-κB、IL-6、ICAM-1、VCAM-1、ET-1、NO浓度水平进行对比，用SPSS22.0将数据进行统计学分析。结果 与治疗前比较，两组治疗后Gensini积分、血清中TNF-α、NF-κB、IL-6、ICAM-1、VCAM-1、ET-1浓度水平均较治疗前显著降低，NO浓度水平显著升高（P < 0.05，P < 0.01），其中试验组显著程度尤为明显（P < 0.01）。与治疗后对照组比较，试验组Gensini积分、血清中TNF-α、NF-κB、IL-6、ICAM-1、VCAM-1、ET-1浓度水平降低，NO浓度水平升高趋势更明显（P < 0.01）。结论 垂黄清脉冲剂治疗冠心病稳定型心绞痛（热毒痰瘀证）在改善患者症状；改善冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度；通过降低炎症标志物TNF-α、NF-κB、IL-6、ICAM-1、VCAM-1的水平，减小ET-1/NO比值，从而对NF-κB信号通路进行部分调控，以有效抑制或截断血管内皮的炎症级联反应过程，清除炎症损伤因素以及保护血管内皮功能等方面均有显著优势，临床疗效确切值得肯定和推广应用。     

五家渠地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者吸入药物治疗现状及影响因素分析

目的了解本地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者中C、D级患者在稳定期吸入长效抗胆碱能受体药物(LAMA)、长效支气管舒张剂/吸入激素联合制剂(LABA/ICS)治疗的现状,对影响治疗的各种因素进行分析,并从此入手提出解决方案,提高遵循GOLD(慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议)指南规范化治疗慢阻肺的执行力。方法选择就诊我院慢阻肺中C、D级患者,调查他们在稳定期吸入LAMA、LABA/ICS治疗的应用现状,以及影响吸入治疗的各种因素。对比分析影响治疗的各种因素,提出解决方案。结果通过我们的调查发现326例C、D级慢阻肺患者中,在稳定期按照GOLD方案吸入药物治疗的仅有58例,占比17.8%。未规范化治疗的268例,占比82.2%。调查发现影响治疗的主要因素是对自身病情及用药必要性缺乏了解(51.2%)、自我感觉药效差(33.6%)、年龄大难以掌握正确吸入方法(27.6%)。结论1.仅有不足1/5的慢阻肺病人接受规范化治疗。2.影响规范化治疗的因素集中在对病情不了解、对用药必要性认识不到位,自我感觉效果差、以及不能掌握正确的吸入方法等方面。通过加强疾病宣教、全科医生培训,加强社会支持系统干预等方式以期得到改善。     

丹参饮合温胆汤加减对稳定型心绞痛患者心肌缺血的保护机制

目的:观察丹参饮合温胆汤加减治疗痰瘀阻滞型稳定型心绞痛(SAP)的疗效及对心肌缺血的保护机制研究。方法:将132例患者随机按数字表法分为对照组和观察组各66例。除去脱落、失访和剔除病例,两组最后分别完成63例。所有患者进行抗心绞痛药物和控制风险因素药物治疗。对照组口服丹蒌片,5片/次,3次/d;观察组给予丹参饮合温胆汤加减,1剂/d;两组疗程均为治疗3个月。每周进行心绞痛发作情况评分;冠心病心肌缺血情况采用心电图平板运动试验评价,中医症状和生活质量分别进行痰瘀阻滞证、西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)评分,血液流变学指标、白细胞介素-6(IL-6),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1),胱抑素C(CysC),同型半胱氨酸(Hcy),缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)和巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)水平,均治疗前后各评价1次;并进行安全性评价。结果:观察组心绞痛发作次数、持续时间、疼痛程度和硝酸甘油用量评分均低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组Duke评分、总运动时间、出现ST段压低1.0 mm的时间、心绞痛出现时间和代谢当量均多于对照组(P<0.01);观察组SAQ评分高于对照组(P<0.01),痰瘀阻滞证积分低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组心绞痛疗效优于对照组(Z=2.091,P<0.05);观察组ICAM-1,CysC,IL-6,TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组全血黏度(低切、高切)、全血还原黏度、血浆黏度、血小板聚集率、纤维蛋白原(FIB)均低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组IMA,Hcy和MIF水平均低于对照组(P<0.01)。没有发现服用丹参饮合温胆汤相关不良反应。结论:在西医常规治疗的基础上,丹参饮合温胆汤加减治疗SAP,可控制心绞痛发作,减轻痰瘀阻滞证症状,提高生活质量,有着较好临床疗效,且安全,并能改善患者血液流变性,抑制炎症反应,减轻管腔狭窄或阻塞,从而改善心肌缺血程度。