The epidemiology of reoperations for orthopaedic trauma

IntroductionThe Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS) has issued guidance regarding the use of reoperation rates in the revalidation of UK-based orthopaedic surgeons. Currently, little has been published concerning acceptable rates of reoperation following primary surgical management of orthopaedic trauma, particularly with reference to revalidation.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients undergoing clearly defined reoperations following primary surgical management of trauma between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2011. A full case note review was undertaken to establish the demographics, clinical course and context of reoperation. A review of the imaging was performed to establish whether the procedure performed was in line with accepted trauma practice and whether the technical execution was acceptable.ResultsA total of 3,688 patients underwent primary procedures within the time period studied while 70 (1.90%, 99% CI: 1.39–2.55) required an unplanned reoperation. Thirty-nine (56%) of these patients were male. The mean age of patients was 56 years (range: 18–98 years) and there was a median time to reoperation of 50 days (IQR: 13–154 days). Potentially avoidable reoperations occurred in 41 patients (58.6%, 99% CI: 43.2–72.6). This was largely due to technical errors (40 patients, 57.1%, 99% CI: 41.8–71.3), representing 1.11% (99% CI: 0.73–1.64) of the total trauma workload. Within RCS guidelines, 28-day reoperation rates for hip, wrist and ankle fractures were 1.4% (99% CI: 0.5–3.3), 3.5% (99% CI: 0.8%–12.1) and 1.86% (99% CI: 0.4–6.6) respectively.ConclusionsWe present novel work that has established baseline reoperation rates for index procedures required for revalidation of orthopaedic surgeons.     

No Difference in Dislocation Rates Comparing Large Diameter Jumbo Femoral Heads and Dual-Mobility Bearings in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundDual-mobility (DM) bearings reduce instability in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, DM bearings are costly and reports of corrosion have recently emerged. Furthermore, no study has compared DM to standard bearings with large diameter femoral heads ≥40-mm. This study’s purpose was to compare postoperative dislocation rates of standard and DM bearings with large femoral heads after revision THA.MethodsA retrospective review of 301 consecutive revision THAs was performed. The mean follow-up was 37.1 months. To isolate the effect of the double articulation, standard and DM bearings with femoral heads ≥40-mm were compared. Outcomes were postoperative dislocation and reoperation within 90 days.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 182 standard bearings and 75 DM bearings. There were no differences in revision indication comparing standard and DM bearings (P = .258). Overall dislocation rate was 8.6% (22 of 257). The dislocation rate was 5.7% for standard bearings with ≥40-mm femoral heads compared with 6.9% in DM bearings with ≥40-mm femoral heads (P = 1.000). In multivariate analysis, lower body mass index (odds ratio 1.72), female sex (odds ratio 2.01), and decreased outer femoral head diameter–to–cup component size ratio (odds ratio 1.64) were predictors of postoperative dislocation regardless of bearing type.ConclusionThis study showed no difference in dislocation rates between standard and DM bearings when comparing similar femoral head diameters of ≥40-mm used in revision THAs. Considering the cost and potential deleterious issues associated with additional interfaces, DM bearings should be used judiciously considering similar results may be achieved with single-articulation bearings using large femoral heads.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

减重代谢外科再手术原因分析及处理（附54例报告）

目的 探讨减重代谢外科再手术的原因及手术处理方法。方法 回顾性分析2000年11月至2018年12月暨南大学附属第一医院减重代谢外科收治的54例减重手术后再手术病人的临床资料，分析手术原因和再手术方式选择。结果 再手术原因主要包括体重下降不充分或复胖22例（40.7%）、粘连性肠梗阻5例（9.3%）、肠系膜裂孔疝5例（9.3%）、胃食管反流4例（7.4%）、吻合口漏4例（7.4%）、吻合口溃疡出血并穿孔3例（5.6%）、吻合口狭窄3例（5.6%）、术后腹腔出血3例（5.6%）、糖尿病复发2例（3.7%）、严重倾倒综合征2例（3.7%）、吻合错误1例（1.9%）。再手术方式主要包括Roux-en-Y胃旁路术30例（55.6%）、胃袖状切除术10例（18.5%）、内疝修补术5例（9.3%）、腹腔镜探查止血4例（7.4%）、胃镜球囊扩张术2例（3.7%）、修正复原术1例（1.9%）、GaBP环束带式胃旁路修正术1例（1.9%）、食管裂孔疝修补术1例（1.9%）。随访1~102个月，失访12例（随访率77.8%），获得随访的42例病人术后均取得良好效果，再手术前症状均得到不同程度缓解。结论 减重代谢外科再手术最常见的原因是术后体重下降不充分或复胖，再手术方式的选择应根据初次手术方式、失败原因以及术中具体情况而定。     

胆总管下段医源性损伤后胆道再手术

目的探讨胆总管下段医源性损伤后不同的胆道再手术方法。方法回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属第一医院2005年6月至2015年9月收治的8例胆总管下段医源性损伤的临床资料。结果 8例中,2例采用胆总管局部修补,3例行Oddi括约肌切开成形,1例行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,1例直接行胰十二指肠切除,1例采用充分引流,术后均治愈出院,住院时间22~46 d,平均住院时间为31.5 d。结论根据损伤的具体部位、破口大小、合并症及发现时间的早晚,对不同病人采取个体化治疗;对胆总管下段损伤的预防及早期处理至关重要。     

腹腔镜Ladd手术治疗肠旋转不良患儿中转开腹和再手术的原因分析

目的　总结腹腔镜Ladd手术在肠旋转不良患儿的中转开腹及再手术率,探讨其处理对策。方法　回顾性分析我院2014年1月至2017年1月107例接受腹腔镜Ladd手术治疗肠旋转不良患儿的临床资料及手术录像,分析术中情况、术后并发症和再次手术情况等。结果　107例患儿中男88例、女19例,男女比例为4.6：1,中位年龄为28 d（1 d～14.17岁）;新生儿（≤28 d）55例,非新生儿（＞28 d）52例。99例患儿腹腔镜Ladd手术成功完成。8例中转开腹手术者均为新生儿,其中因旋转方向难以判断中转者4例,合并环状胰腺1例,合并十二指肠隔膜1例,视野模糊1例,系膜血管损伤1例。15例患儿术后再手术,其中1例因肠梗阻于术后2周行腹腔镜探查术,术中证实为十二指肠球部溃疡穿孔;余14例均为新生儿,术中证实9例为十二指肠空肠起始端松解不彻底,2例为肠粘连导致肠梗阻,1例为十二指肠隔膜导致肠梗阻,1例为结肠狭窄导致肠梗阻,1例为关闭切口时缝合肠管导致术后肠穿孔。结论　腹腔镜Ladd手术治疗肠旋转不良安全可行,但在新生儿中开展手术仍有一定困难。完善术前检查、严格把控手术适应证、采取不同的手术策略、娴熟的腹腔镜操作技术有助于提高腹腔镜Ladd手术成功率。