Stress Testing Versus CT Angiography in Patients With Diabetes and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Background

The optimal noninvasive test (NIT) for patients with diabetes and stable symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.

动脉顺应性及其影响因素

动脉顺应性又称动脉弹性，反映血管内皮功能。已成为预测心血管疾病的重要危险因素。无创测量动脉弹性的方法在临床上已有一定程度的应用。各种方法具有其各自适用范围及局限性。多种干预手段可以影响动脉弹性。合理测量及维持正常的动脉弹性可延缓多种心血管疾病的发生及发展。     

生物医学测量及控制技术新进展

介绍生物医学测量及控制技术领域中的一些研究进展。     

Termination Of Sustained Tachycardia By External Noninvasive Pacing

Invasive cardiac pacing has proved useful in the induction and termination of reentrant sustained tachycardias. In one of our two cases, programmed ventricular extra-stimulation was used to induce sustained ventricular tachycardia from the endocardial surface of the right ventricle. Induced ventricular tachycardia was terminated by burst ventricular pacing with an external cardiac pacemaker. In our second patient, external pacing was effective at inducing and terminating sustained supraventricular tachycardia. These patients illustrate that the principles of terminating sustained reentrant tachycardia with invasive pacing may also apply to noninvasive external pacing. The usefulness of this approach in treating reentrant tachycardias needs further evaluation.     

Prognostic value of supine scintigraphic heart function and simultaneous conventional exercise response in patients after myocardial infarction

A total of 240 survivors of one or more myocardial infarctions were consecutively admitted to perform supine exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Within 3 years after the test, 22 died; this group was compared to an age-matched control group of 22 survivors for left and right ventricular function during rest, exercise, and simultaneously assessed exercise performance as well as ECG variables. Evaluation of 3-year survival by linear discriminant analysis revealed an accuracy of 82% for discriminant models using ECG and exercise performance variables. Implementation of resting left ventricular ejection fraction and change of right ventricular ejection fraction during exercise, as well as scintigraphic presence or absence of dyskinesia, improved the accuracy of the model to 91% of correctly classified patients.     

山莨菪碱和无创面罩正压通气治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床观察

目的比较山莨菪碱联合无创正压面罩通气（654-2＋NIPPV）和传统机械通气（CMV）治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的临床效果，评估山莨菪碱联合无创正压通气在ARDS治疗中的作用。方法将各种原因所致ARDS患者42例随机分为654-2＋NIPPV组（21例）和CMV组（21例），在给予病因治疗同时分别实施654-2＋NIPPV和CMV。观察分析两组患者在治疗过程中动脉血气变化、并发症的发生率及治疗效果。结果654-2＋NIPPV组有8例（38．1％）治疗失败转为气管插管实行CMV，其中6例（28．6％）死亡。CMV组死亡7例（33．3％），两组病死率无显著差异（P〉0.05）。两组治疗有效的患者在分别接受654-2＋NIPPV和CMV治疗后1h和6h动脉血气有相似的显著改善。654-2＋NIPPV组患者机械通气时间和住院时间短于CMV组（P〈0.05）。654-2＋NIPPV组的并发症发生率低于CMV组（P〈0.05）。结论在经过选择的ARDS患者中，应用654-2＋NIPPV治疗的临床效果与CMV相似。实施654-2＋NIPPV可缩短机械通气和住院时间，减少并发症。654-2＋NIPPV可作为经过选择的ARDS患者首选的通气支持治疗手段。     

Use of the Noninvasive Ankle Distractor With Talar Dome Osteochondral Graft Transplantation

Talar dome lesions greater than 1 cm in diameter are often treated with ankle joint mosaicplasty. The purpose of this article is to present the use of a noninvasive ankle distractor that can improve access to the talus when used with a malleolar osteotomy. The use of the distractor allows for graft insertion at a more appropriate angle in relationship to the talar cartilage, avoidance of invasive distractor usage, and potential use of a smaller osteotomy.     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并重症呼吸衰竭的临床评价

目的:探究无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并重症呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法:以2018年7月~2019年6月作为研究时段,选择此期间本院收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并重症呼吸衰竭患者,共78例,按照入院先后顺序编号,前39例设定为对照组,给予常规治疗,后39例设定为观察组,在对照组基础上进行无创正压通气治疗,比较两组治疗效果和血气指标变化情况。结果:观察组总有效率为94.87%,高于对照组76.92%,P<0.05;两组治疗前PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂组间比较,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05,治疗后PaCO₂较治疗前降低,PaO₂、SaO₂较治疗前升高,P<0.05,组间比较观察组变化幅度更大,P<0.05。结论:无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并重症呼吸衰竭的临床效果显著,可有效改善血气指标,值得临床借鉴。     

Can the Multidimensional Prognostic Index Improve the Identification of Older Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Likely to Benefit from Mechanical Ventilation? An Observational,Prospective, Multicenter Study

ObjectiveData on prognostic tools for indicating mechanical ventilation in older people with COVID-19 are still limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate if the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), based on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), may help physicians in identifying older hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 who might benefit from mechanical ventilation.DesignLongitudinal, multicenter study.Settings and Participants502 older people hospitalized for COVID-19 in 10 European hospitals.MethodsMPI was calculated using 8 different domains typical of the CGA. A propensity score, Cox's regression analysis was used for assessing the impact of mechanical ventilation on rehospitalization/mortality for 90 days' follow-up, stratified by MPI = 0.50. The accuracy of MPI in predicting negative outcomes (ie, rehospitalization/mortality) was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), and the discrimination with several indexes like the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and the Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI).ResultsAmong 502 older people hospitalized for COVID-19 (mean age: 80 years), 152 were treated with mechanical ventilation. In the propensity score analysis, during the 90-day follow-up period, there were 44 rehospitalizations and 95 deaths. Mechanical ventilation in patients with MPI values ≥ 0.50, indicating frailer participants, was associated with a higher risk of rehospitalization/mortality (hazard ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.09-2.23), whereas in participants with MPI values < 0.50 this association was not significant. The accuracy of the model including age, sex, respiratory parameters, and MPI was good (AUC = 0.783) as confirmed by an NRI of 0.2756 (P < .001) and an IDI of 0.1858 (P < .001), suggesting a good discrimination of the model in predicting negative outcomes.Conclusions and ImplicationsMPI could be useful for better individualizing older people hospitalized by COVID-19 who could benefit from mechanical ventilation.     

综合护理干预对急性左心衰患者的影响

目的 探究基于自我调节理论的综合性护理干预对急性左心衰患者无创呼吸机治疗依从性的影响。方法 选取来我院就诊的急性左心衰患者83例,随机分成对照组41例和观察组42例。对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组采用基于自我调节理论的综合性护理。比较两组患者干预前后使用无创呼吸机依从性,比较干预后两组患者对无创呼吸机耐受情况、出院3个月后生活质量及干预过程中并发症发生率。结果 两组患者干预后,观察组依从性指数(85.18±4.13)高于对照组(80.45±3.68)(t=5.512,P=0.000);经干预后,观察组无创呼吸机耐受率(92.68%)与对照组(83.33%)无差异(χ2=1.711,P=0.190);两组患者出院3个月后,观察组在生活质量评分中社会功能(83.23±13.45,75.35±12.7,t=2.736,P=0.007)、情绪职能(74.31±13.64,65.34±8.45,t=3.611,P=0.001)、精神健康(76.38±10.24,68.23±11.53,t=3.402,P=0.001)方面分数高于对照组;干预期间,观察组并发症发生率(26.83%)低于对照组(59.52%)(χ2=9.029,P=0.002)。结论 基于自我调节理论的综合性护理干预能提高急性左心衰患者无创呼吸机治疗依从性,适当改善患者对无创呼吸机的耐受性,减轻并发症发生率,改善患者出院后生活质量。