护理专案改善在减少住院患者跌倒中的应用

目的了解护理专案改善在降低住院患者跌倒发生率中的应用效果。方法将医院2016年1月—2018年12月的80例住院患者随机分组,传统护理组对于住院患者给予传统护理,护理专案模式组对于住院患者采取护理专案模式。比较两组满意评分;护理人员工作积极性评分;护理前后住院患者对跌倒危险因素的掌握水平、住院患者遵医行为;跌倒的发生率。结果护理专案模式组满意评分、住院患者对跌倒危险因素的掌握水平、住院患者遵医行为、护理人员工作积极性评分、跌倒的发生率对比传统护理组有优势,P<0.05。结论住院患者实施护理专案模式效果确切,可提高护理服务质量和住院患者自我防护能力,降低跌倒的发生率。     

两种标准分析老年住院患者的潜在不适当用药

目的： 采用Beers标准（2015版）、《中国老年人潜在不适当用药判断标准》（简称"中国标准"2017版）分析我院心内科老年住院患者潜在不适当用药（Potential Inappropriate Medication，PIM）的发生情况。方法： 将我院心内科2018年1月至3月，年龄≥ 65岁的住院患者纳入本研究。收集患者年龄、性别、ADL评分、临床诊断、住院医嘱、住院天数、药品费用、总医疗费用等基本信息，分别采用上述两种标准审查老年住院患者的潜在不适当用药发生情况，并应用二元Logistic回归分析PIM发生的相关危险因素。结果： 共纳入患者661例，包括男性350例、女性311例，平均年龄73.86±6.55岁，平均用药种类10.17±4.01种，住院天数的区间为3~30天，临床诊断的区间为1~17种。依据Beers标准，387例（58.55%）患者至少发现1项PIM；依据中国标准，542例（82.00%）患者至少发现1项PIM，Logistic结果显示，用药种类是PIM发生的危险因素。结论： 联合使用Beers标准与中国标准可审查出更多老年患者应谨慎使用或避免使用的潜在不适当药物，在临床应用中，应结合两种标准给出的用药建议，通过减少或避免潜在不适当药物的应用来减少其可能引起的不良的临床结局。     

Pediatric Inpatient Headache Therapy: What is Available

Status migrainosus is defined by the international classification of headache disorders (ICHD) criteria as a debilitating migraine lasting more then 72 hours. The epidemiology of status migrainosus is still unknown in adult and children, and frequently underdiagnosed. Children and adolescents often end up in the emergency room with an intractable headache that failed outpatient therapy. Six to seven percent of these children do not respond to acute infusion therapy and require hospitalization. It is imperative that more aggressive therapy is considered when patients are affected by a severe intractable headache to prevent further disability and returning the child to baseline activity. Multiple therapies are available for adults and children. Studies for acute therapy in the emergency room are available in adults and pediatric groups. Small studies are available for inpatient therapy in children and, along with available therapies for children and adolescents, are described in this review. A review of the literature shows growing evidence regarding the use of dihydroergotamine intravenously once patients are hospitalized. Effectiveness and safety have been proven in the last decades in adults and small studies in the pediatric populations.