Measuring Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Women with Young Children: A Systematic Review

Current evidence indicates that women with young children are less active than women without children. In this review the authors investigated the methods of measuring physical activity employed in studies of women with young children (aged 1–5 years) and the associated challenges in measurement. Articles from databases (MEDLINE, OVID, CINAHL, Google Scholar) and manual searches were limited to English peer-reviewed journals published from 1990 to 2010. Studies that included measurement of physical activity in samples of women with young children were selected. Measurement properties were extracted, and original reliability and validity articles were reviewed for physical activity measurement tools used by 15 samples. The evidence base was dominated by self-report measurement tools, many of which assessed leisure-time physical activity only. Use of motion sensors to assess physical activity in this population was limited. It is likely that much of the habitual physical activity performed by women with young children has not been captured by self-report measures. Further investigation should be undertaken using tools that capture adequately all health-enhancing physical activity among women with young children.     

874例癌症患者家属治疗态度调查

目的掌握癌症患者家属的治疗态度,为患者创造治疗条件。方法对874例癌症患者家属进行问卷调查,分析产生各种态度的原因。结果癌症患者家属多数持积极的治疗态度,不同职业、不同文化程度、不同关系的患者家属治疗态度差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）,年龄、性别对治疗态度差异无显著性意义（P〉0,05）。结论根据患者家属不同背景进行有的放矢的健康教育,主动配合及支持患者治疗。呼吁社会为各种人群设立医疗保险,解决患者的基本医疗费用。     

武汉市婴幼儿缺铁性贫血与抚养人铁营养KAP的关系

目的：了解婴幼儿缺铁性贫血状况及其与抚养人铁营养知识、态度、行为之间的关系,为防治婴幼儿缺铁性贫血提供理论依据。方法抽取在武汉市儿保门诊进行规范化健康体检的910名6～36月龄婴幼儿进行血红蛋白检测并对其抚养人进行铁营养知信行（KAP）问卷调查。结果武汉市婴幼儿贫血患病率26．6％。各年龄患病率差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,抚养人铁营养 KAP 得分随其文化程度升高而升高,随家庭收入水平升高而升高,婴幼儿缺铁性贫血患病率随抚养人文化程度升高而递减,随家庭收入水平升高而递减。抚养人营养知识（K）平均分为（11．96±3．77）分,态度（A）平均分为（7．09±2．80）分,喂养行为（P）平均分为（18．05±3．60）分。抚养人的铁喂养知识、态度和行为之间存在正相关关系。结论应开展多层面的铁营养知识专项宣传,提高对抚养人铁营养的认知水平,降低婴幼儿缺铁性贫血患病率。     

FAAH levels and its genetic polymorphism association with susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence

The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene was involved in the modulation of reward and addiction pathophysiology of illicit drugs abuse, and its polymorphisms might be associated with risk of methamphetamine (METH) dependence. This study aimed to investigate the FAAH mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma protein levels and to analyze the 385C/A polymorphism (rs324420) between METH-dependent patients and controls. The levels of FAAH mRNA in METH dependence were significantly lower than in controls (P < 0.001), however, its plasma protein underwent a significant ∼2-fold increase (P < 0.001). The A allele of the 385C/A polymorphism significantly increased the METH dependence risk (P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 1.646, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.332–2.034). The carried A genotypes (AA, AC, and AA/AC) of 385C/A polymorphism also increased METH-dependence risks under a different genetic model (AA vs. CC: P = 0.017, OR = 2.454, 95%CI = 1.171–2.143; AC vs. CC: P < 0.001, OR = 1.818, 95%CI = 1.404–2.353; AC/AA vs. CC: P < 0.001, OR = 1.858, 95%CI = 1.444–2.319). The similar results were obtained after adjusting for age and sex. Unfortunately, we failed to find that any genotype of 385C/A polymorphism affected the mRNA or plasma protein levels in controls, respectively (P > 0.05). These data indicate that the FAAH may play an important role in the pathophysiological process of METH dependence, and the 385C/A polymorphism may be associated with METH dependence susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.     

Psychiatric morbidity and HIV in female drug dependants in Malaysia

Female drug dependants (n = 171) and controls (n = 1137) were studied to search for psychiatric morbidity in them. The psychiatric morbidity was found to be 36.3% and 6.9%, respectively. The most common psychiatric disorder found was dysthymic disorder followed by adjustment disorder, anxiety disorder and borderline personality disorder. The diagnosis was significantly dependent on the type of drug used (P < 0.001) and HIV seropositivtty status of the patients (P = 0.04). The findings highlight the relationship of the psychiatric morbidity to the HIV status and female drug users.     

Interpreting Outcomes: Using Focus Groups in Evaluation Research*

Although focus groups continue to gain popularity in marketing and social science research, their use in program evaluation has been limited. Here we demonstrate how focus groups can benefit evaluators, program staff, policy makers and administrators by providing an in‐depth understanding of program effectiveness from the perspective of participants as stakeholders in program outcomes. Using data from the Youth Action Program, a prevention program funded by the United States Air Force for military dependent adolescents at risk, our methodology included a narrative approach to data analysis, combining theme analysis with a systematic interpretive approach centering on how group members experienced the program within the contexts of their daily lives. We show that the parents benefited from the program beyond youth outcomes, and this was useful information for program improvement and expansion.     

优惠医疗家属实行军地医疗保险双轨运行初探

本文从政策和实际需求二个层面论述,优惠医疗家属实行军地医疗保险双轨运行的必要性和可行性,并归纳总结军地医保费用结算双轨试运行体会,亟待得到上级与同行的帮助和支持,共同推进军队医改合理利用社会资源的进程。     

ICU患者家属身心状况调查及护理

目的:了解ICU患者家属身心状况,有针对性地对患者家属实施护理。方法:对入住ICU的80名患者家属采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的方法,对其身心状况相关因素进行调查。结果:ICU护士对患者家属的身心状况缺乏正确的认识,家属在面对患者所处的危急情况时,存在一些影响其身心健康的因素。结论:ICU护士有针对性地帮助家属选择有效的应对方式,能提高家属应对危机的能力和效果,促进患者及其家属的身心健康。