Employer costs of alcohol-involved injuries

BACKGROUND: This study estimates the annual cost of alcohol-related injuries to employers in 1998-2000. METHODS: Incidence was estimated with occupational injury data, motor vehicle crash data and health care data for 1998-2000. Employer costs were estimated from federal estimates of injury costs by source of payment using data on the percentage of varied payment streams (e.g., health insurance, sick leave) paid by employers. RESULTS: The annual employer cost of alcohol-related injuries to employees and their dependents exceed US dollars 28.6 billion. Out of this, US dollars 13.2 billion comes from job-related, alcohol-involved injuries. The annual employer cost of motor vehicle crashes in which at least one driver was alcohol-impaired is over US dollars 9.2 billion. Out of this, only US dollars 3.4 billion comes from job-related alcohol involvement. CONCLUSION: Safety programs can reduce the fringe benefit bill without reducing the benefits offered to employees.     

心理护理干预对海洛因依赖者的影响

目的探讨心理护理干预对海洛因依赖者心理健康状况和生存质量的影响。方法将190例海洛因依赖者随机分为对照组和观察组,各95例,对照组接受美沙酮维持治疗和一般护理,观察组在此基础上实施包括认知-行为治疗、支持性心理护理、放松疗法和院外指导等在内的综合性心理护理干预。比较两组患者干预前后心理健康状况、生活质量评分和复吸率。结果观察组干预后的症状自评量表（SCL-90）各因子评分和药物成瘾者生存质量评定量表（QOL-DA）各维度评分的改善明显优于对照组,均P〈0．01;观察组复吸率37．9％,明显低于对照组复吸率87．4％,P〈0．01。结论心理护理干预有助于改善海洛因依赖者心理健康状况,提高其生存质量,减少复吸。     

脑卒中患者家属生活质量及相关因素

目的 探讨脑卒中患者家属的生活质量及其相关因素.方法 采用世界卫生组织生存质量量表,对108例脑卒中患者家属进行量表评定.结果 ①脑卒中患者家属生活质量各领域评分均低于正常对照组(P＜0.05);②不同关系的家属生活质量在生理、心理、环境和精神等领域评分相似(P＞0.05),而独立性和社会关系领域评分有显著性差异(P＜0.05);③同归分析提示患者的婚姻状况、卒中次数、抑郁自评量表评分和日常生活能力量表评分与患者家属生活质量评分相关.结论 脑卒中患者家属的生活质量下降,与卒中患者的婚姻状况、卒中次数、抑郁自评量表评分和日常生活能力量表评分等因素相关.