Biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela en cáncer de mama, ¿está justificada la espera al resultado intraoperatorio?

IntroductionIn our institution, the study of selective sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) is performed intraoperatively. The main objective of our study is to know the proportion of patients who benefits from the waiting of the results of SLNB.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients operated on our center between January 1 st, 2018 and June 30, 2019 was carried out. We included women diagnosed with T1–T2 tumors, treated by lumpectomy and SLNB studied using OSNA method.ResultsOur study included 149 women. There were not statistically significant differences in terms of demographic data between the group treated with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and exclusively SLNB group. After analysis of SLN intraoperatively, there were performed 18 axillary lymphadenectomies. Only in six of these 18 cases, three or more sentinel nodes were founded. The location of the tumor, the presence of lymphovascular permeation and the total tumor load (TTL) showed statistically significant differences between groups. Only the TTL was established as the independent factor of the need for ALND.ConclusionsObtaining a deferred result of the SLNB allowed reducing the time of anesthesia and occupation of the operating room, since in a high percentage of cases an additional procedure is not performed.     

Preoperative comprehensive malignancy risk estimation for thyroid nodules: Development and verification of a network-based prediction model

BackgroundIn order to avoid excessive treatment of thyroid nodules in the clinic, it is necessary to find a simple and practical analysis method to comprehensively and accurately reflect benign or malignant thyroid nodules. This study aimed to construct and validate a comprehensive and reliable network-based predictive model using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria for thyroid nodules to stratify the risk of malignancy prior to surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid nodules at the Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2018 and December 2020. Binary logical regression analysis was performed to predict whether nodules were malignant or benign. The developmental dataset included 457 patients (January 2018–December 2020). The validation set included separate data points (n = 225, January 2018–December 2020).ResultsIn this study, criteria that showed significant predictive value for malignant nodules included TI-RADS: 4b (p = 0.065); Bethesda IV, Bethesda V, Bethesda VI (P < 0.0001); BRAF^V600E mutation (P < 0.0001); Calcitonin>5 pg/ml (p = 0.0037); and FNA-Tg>30 ng/ml (p = 0.0003). A 10-grade risk scoring system was developed. The risk of malignancy risk ranged from 2.06% to 100% and was positively associated with increasing risk grade. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the development and validation sets were 0.972 and 0.946, respectively.ConclusionA simple, comprehensive and reliable web-based predictive model was designed using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria to stratify thyroid nodules by probability of malignancy.     

Claudin蛋白家族在泌尿系肿瘤中的研究进展北大核心

Claudin蛋白家族是构成细胞紧密连接(tight junctions,TJs)的重要骨架蛋白,在细胞极性、上皮屏障特性、细胞运动性和细胞间的稳定性等方面发挥着关键作用。最近研究发现,Claudin蛋白家族在人类多种肿瘤中都有表达失调,起着癌基因或者抑癌基因的作用。本文综述了近年来Claudin蛋白家族在泌尿系统肿瘤(膀胱癌、前列腺癌、肾癌)中的研究进展。     

头颈部恶性肿瘤嗜神经侵袭临床诊治现状

嗜神经侵袭是肿瘤通过神经扩散与转移的一种独特的生物学行为,与复发、转移、预后密切相关。随着研究的不断深入,人们普遍认识到嗜神经侵袭的临床意义。但由于头颈部肿瘤发病率相对较低,不同解剖部位、不同病理类型嗜神经发生率各不相同,故缺乏高级别的循证医学证据。目前嗜神经侵袭的病理学机制尚未完全阐明,也无针对神经侵犯的特异性治疗手段,因此头颈部肿瘤嗜神经侵袭的治疗对于临床医师是一个巨大的挑战。本文就头颈部恶性肿瘤中嗜神经侵袭的临床诊治现状做一综述。     

基于TCGA数据库乳头状甲状腺癌miRNA预后风险模型的建立与分析CSCD

目的构建基于微小RNA(miRNA)表达的预测乳头状甲状腺癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)患者预后的生存模型。方法从TCGA数据库官方网站上下载PTC miRNA测序数据和患者的临床资料,利用R3.6.0软件中的edgeR包筛选表达失调的miRNA。利用单因素Cox及Lasso回归分析筛选出与患者预后相关的miRNA(P<0.05),进一步使用多因素Cox回归分析建立预后模型的风险评分方程risk score,构建生存预后模型,使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)来评价模型的敏感度和特异性。结果与正常甲状腺组织相比,PTC组织中失调表达的miRNA共有75个(|log foldchange|≥2,FDR<0.05),多因素Cox回归分析最终得到基于8个miRNA(hsa-mir-6730、hsa-mir-4709、hsa-mir-196a-2、hsa-mir-146b、hsa-mir-6860、hsa-mir-509-3、hsa-mir-513c、hsa-mir-515-1)的预测患者预后的风险模型。ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分析显示,该模型具有较好的敏感度和特异性(AUC>0.8)。结论成功构建了基于miRNA表达的风险预测模型,该模型可有效预测PTC患者的预后。