重度抑郁发作患者一级亲属执行功能测验初步研究

目的:探讨重度抑郁发作患者一级亲属的执行功能与正常对照组的差异。方法:采用威斯康星分类卡片测验(Wisconsin CardSorting Test,WSCT)对30名重度抑郁发作患者的一级亲属和30名健康对照者的执行功能进行评估。结果:在WSCT测验中,重度抑郁发作患者一级亲属的持续性应答数和持续性错误数、非持续错误数、完成第一个分类所需应答数明显高于正常对照;而正确应答数、概念化水平百分比均明显低于正常对照,差异具有统计学意义。结论:重度抑郁发作患者一级亲属可能存在执行功能受损,尚需进一步更严格的研究证实。     

重症精神疾病患者家属健康教育效果评价

目的 对重症精神病患者家属开展健康教育,并评估健康教育取得的效果.方法 采用自行设计的问卷在健康教育开展前、后分别调查患者家属的知识、态度情况,并进行比较.结果 患者在接受健康教育后,各项重症精神疾病相关知识的知晓率均高于健康教育前(P＜0.01)；通过接受健康教育,患者对待重症精神病持正确态度的比例比健康教育前提高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).通过对各种健康教育形式的调查发现,家属接受经验座谈交流的比例最高,达到82.67％,其次为宣传手册和折页(78.00％)、讲座(67.33％)及宣传壁报和墙报(50.67％).结论 对重症精神病患者家属开展健康教育,能够提高患者家属对重症精神病相关知识的知晓,改变家属不正确的态度.在开展健康教育时,应当采用活泼生动、互动交流的形式来开展.     

Cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar en mujeres con epilepsia: estudio transversal analítico

Objective To test the hypothesis that women with epilepsy come from families with poor cohesion and adaptability to the disease, compared with healthy women.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting A retrospective study was done on 263 women from a neurology outpatient department and a family medicine unit from the Mexican Social Security Institute in Sonora (Mexico) between 2010 and 2011.Participants Were 82 women with epilepsy (cases), and 181 healthy women (control group). Age and area of residence was utilized to pair the sample (1:2,2).Measurements Univariate analysis was performed for socio-demographic variables, family type, socio-economic status, level of cohesion and family adaptability based on FACES III. A logistic regression analysis was performed for those variables that were associated with functionality of family in women with and without epilepsy.Results A family dysfunction were found in 22% of epileptic women (OR = 2.91 [2.17, 3.89], p=.0001). Univariate analysis suggested the presence of epilepsy and of family dysfunction associated with age, disease more than 15 years of evolution, and family type (rural, urban and traditional). The logistic regression model confirmed an association only for presence of epilepsy (OR = 7.30 [4.00, 13.33], p=.0001).Conclusion The study answers the hypothesis that women with epilepsy live in families with greater psychosocial impairment, manifested by deficiencies in cohesion and adaptability to the disease, compared with healthy women.     

急危重症患者家属心理干预的效果研究

目的探究对急危重患者家属实施心理干预的作用。方法将2013年本人参加护理的急危重症患者100例按病情、病种分为实验组和对照组各50例,实验组根据不同病情、病种及需求对患者家属实施有针对性的心理干预,比较两组的护理满意度。结果实验组的护理满意度得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对患者家属的心理干预,有助于提高护理质量,提高护理满意度。     

Relatives’ perspectives on the quality of care in an Intensive Care Unit: The theoretical concept of a new tool

Objective

To examine the potential of a questionnaire (CQI ‘R-ICU’) to measure the quality of care from the perspective of relatives in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Methods

A quantitative survey study has been undertaken to explore the psychometric properties of the instrument, which was sent to 282 relatives of ICU patients from the Erasmus MC, an academic hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Factor-analyses were performed to explore the underlying theoretical structure.

Results

Survey data from 211 relatives (response rate 78%) were used for the analysis. The overall reliability of the questionnaire was sufficiently high; two of the four underlying factors, namely ‘Communication’ and ‘Involvement’, were significant predictors. Two specific aspects of care that needed the most improvement were missing information about meals and offering an ICU diary. There is a significant difference in mean communication with nurses among the four wards in Erasmus MC.

Conclusions

The CQI ‘R-ICU’ seems to be a valid, reliable and usable instrument. The theoretical fundament appears to be related to communication.

Practice implications

The newly developed instrument can be used to provide feedback to health care professionals and policy makers in order to evaluate quality improvement projects with regard to relatives in the ICU.     

222例活体肾移植供受者HLA分型配合率的分析

目的 研究活体亲属肾移植供受者HLA配合率,为临床选择良好的供受者HLA配型提供参考.方法 对2006年4月-2008年12月间手术的222例活体亲属肾移植患者进行HLA供受者配合率分析.移植受者男性168例,女性54例,最大年龄58,最小年龄10岁;移植供者男性133例,女性89例,最大年龄64岁,最小年龄21岁.结...     

A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of interventions reporting outcomes for relatives of people with psychosis

Relatives play a key role in supporting people with psychosis at all stages of recovery, but this can be associated with high levels of distress. Family interventions, with an international evidence base, improve outcomes for service users but little is known about their impact on relatives' outcomes. This review of published evaluations aimed to assess whether family interventions are effective in improving outcomes for relatives of people with psychosis, to identify the key components of effective intervention packages, and to identify methodological limitations to be addressed in future research. Fifty studies were identified which evaluated an intervention to support relatives against a control group, and in which outcomes for the relatives were reported. Thirty (60%) studies showed a statistically significant positive impact of the intervention on at least one relatives' outcome category. Eleven key intervention components were identified across all 50 studies, but there was no evidence that the presence or absence of any of these key components reliably distinguished effective from ineffective interventions. Methodological quality of studies was generally poor with only 11 studies rated as adequate using the Clinical Trial Assessment Measure (CTAM). Recommendations to improve future research include larger samples; better defined interventions and controls; true randomisation and blind assessors; clearly specified primary outcomes; pre-published analysis plans that account appropriately for missing data and clustering of data; a consensus on the most relevant outcomes to assess and valid and reliable measures to do so. Alternative research designs need to be considered to evaluate more recent approaches which focus on family support, personalised to meet individual need, and offered as an integral part of complex clinical services.