Inverse correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and atrophic gastritis assessed by endoscopy and serology

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is known to prevent the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)by inducing gastric mucosal atrophy.However,little is known about the relationship between atrophic gastritis(AG)and GERD.AIM To confirm the inverse correlation between AG and the occurrence and severity of GERD.METHODS Individuals receiving health checkups who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Seoul National University Healthcare System Gangnam Center were included.The grade of reflux esophagitis was evaluated according to the Los Angeles classification.Endoscopic AG(EAG)was categorized into six grades.Serologic AG(SAG)was defined as pepsinogen I≤70 ng/m L and pepsinogen I/II ratio≤3.0.The association between the extent of EAG and SAG and the occurrence and severity of GERD was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS In total,4684 individuals with GERD were compared with 21901 healthy controls.In multivariate logistic regression analysis,advanced age,male sex,body mass index>23 kg/m2,presence of metabolic syndrome,current smoking,and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of GERD.Seropositivity for H.pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies was associated with a decreased risk of GERD.There was an inverse correlation between the extent of EAG and occurrence of GERD:Odds ratio(OR),1.01[95%confidence interval(CI):0.90-1.14]in C1,0.87(0.78-0.97)in C2,0.71(0.62-0.80)in C3,0.52(0.44-0.61)in O1,0.37(0.29-0.48)in O2,and 0.28(0.18-0.43)in O3.Additionally,the extent of EAG showed an inverse correlation with the severity of GERD.The presence of SAG was correlated with a reduced risk of GERD(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.28-0.87,P=0.014).CONCLUSION The extent of EAG and SAG exhibited strong inverse relationships with the occurrence and severity of GERD.AG followed by H.pylori infection may be independently protect against GERD.     

降逆胃舒汤治疗萎缩性胃炎疗效及对患者病理评分的影响

目的:研究降逆胃舒汤对幽门螺杆菌感染致萎缩性胃炎病理评分的功效。方法:选取238例幽门螺杆菌感染致萎缩性胃炎患者作为本次研究观察对象,入选患者遵循随机数字表法平均分配入对照组与治疗组,对照组以常规西药四联疗法治疗,治疗组在对照组疗法的基础上给予降逆胃舒汤治疗; 治疗3个月后,观察两组患者HP清除率并随访6个月统计复发率,观察两组患者中医证候积分、胃黏膜胃镜征象积分、胃黏膜病理评分及血清胃泌素-17(G-17)、血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、Ⅱ(PGⅠ、PGⅡ)、PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值(PGR)治疗前、后的变化情况。结果:治疗前两组患者各项中医证候、胃黏膜胃镜积分、病理评分及血清指标表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 治疗后两组患者各项中医证候、胃黏膜胃镜积分、病理评分及血清指标表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组均优于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗后3个月时治疗组HP清除率为88.24%、对照组为73.11%,随访6个月治疗组复发率为3.81%,对照组为18.39%,两组HP根除率、复发率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:降逆胃舒汤能够提高幽门螺杆菌清除率并降低复发,更有效缓解幽门螺杆菌感染致萎缩性胃炎的各项中医证候,进一步改善患者胃黏膜病理评分与胃镜征象,更良好的调节患者血清指标。     

胃癌高发地区慢性萎缩性胃炎血清幽门螺杆菌抗体分型情况以及癌变风险的差异

目的分析胃癌高发地区慢性萎缩性胃炎( CAG)病人血清幽门螺杆菌( Hp)抗体分型情况以及癌变风险的差异。方法纳入 2019年 12月至 2021年 1月合肥市第二人民医院就诊的 168例 CAG病人作为研究对象,采用蛋白质印迹法检测血清 Hp抗体分型( CagA、VacV、Ure),分为 Ⅰ型 Hp组、 Ⅱ型 Hp组和阴性组;酶联免疫吸附测定( ELISA)检测胃黏膜功能［胃蛋白酶原( PG)Ⅰ、PGⅡ、胃蛋白酶原比值( PRG)、胃泌素 17(G17)］采用“改良 ABC法”进行癌变风险分层,参考“木村 -竹本”分类法对萎缩范围分级,根据萎缩部位和程度进行 OLGA分期。结果,168例 CAG病人中 Ⅰ型 Hp组 83例, Ⅱ型 Hp组 39例, Hp阴性 46例;单纯胃窦萎缩病人, I型 Hp病人 G17低于 Ⅱ型和 Hp阴性组［3.61(2.57,5.04)pmol/L比 5.85(3.91,7.32)pmol/L,6.01(4.55, 8.39)pmol/L,P<0.05］;胃窦 +胃体萎缩病人, I型 Hp病人 PGⅠ［82.66(61.00,101.28)μg/L比 100.27(66.59,124.28)μg/L,98.04(70.22,121.43)μg/L］、 PRG［8.55(7.16,11.02)比 10.13(8.94,12.31)10.71(9.08,13.16)］低于 Ⅱ型和 Hp阴性组( P<0.05);三组“改良 ABC”癌变风险分层差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)其中 Ⅰ型 Hp病,人高危层占比最高,达 33.74%;三组“木村 -竹本”分类法 “C型”“O型”的比例差异无统计学意义［18.72%(15/83,)比 23.07%(9/39),13.04%(6/46),P>0.05］;三组 OLGA分期差异有统计学意义(和P<0.05),I型 Hp病人 Ⅲ期和 Ⅳ期共 19例,占比最高( 22.89%)但三组间对比显示, I型和 Ⅱ型 Hp病人间 OLGA分组差异无统计学意义( P>0.017)I型 Hp病人 OLGA高危组占比高于 Hp阴性,病人( P<0.017)。结论胃癌高发地区 CAG病人以 Ⅰ型 Hp感染多见,不同分型 Hp感,染的 CAG病人 PG、PGR、G17水平存在差异, Ⅰ型 Hp感染的 CAG病人癌变风险相对较高。     

Diagnosis of gastritis by means of a combination of serological analyses

Background: Gastroscopy and examination of biopsy is normally required for diagnosis of gastritis. This is costly and inconvenient for the patient, and there is a need for a simple pregastroscopic screening method to reduce the endoscopy workload. Our aim was to develop a serological screening test for gastritis. Methods: Sera from subjects examined with gastroscopy and biopsy were analyzed for H,K-ATPase antibodies, Helicobacter pylori antibodies and pepsinogen I. The diagnoses were normal gastric mucosa (n=50), duodenal ulcer (n=53) and atrophic corpus gastritis, with (n=50) or without pernicious anemia (n=46). Results: An evaluation scheme was constructed to optimize the diagnostic agreement between serology and gastric mucosal morphology. The sensitivity to detect gastritis was 98% (146/149) (95% CI 94–100%) and the specificity 84% (42/50) (95% CI 71–93%). Additional sera from 483 subjects from the general population were analyzed. There was a good agreement between serology and gastric mucosal morphology. Conclusions: Assays of multiple serum analytes are useful for the initial screening of gastritis. They are complementary to upper gastroscopy by identification of subjects with a normal gastric mucosa, those who qualify for eradication of H. pylori, and those who have developed atrophy and are at risk of developing malignancy and, therefore, require gastroscopic examination.     

Significance of pepsinogen in screening for gastric intestinal metaplasia in Guangdong,China

ObjectiveDiagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) relies on gastroscopy and histopathologic biopsy, but their application in screening for GIM is limited. We aimed to identify serological biomarkers of GIM via screening in Guangdong, China.MethodsCross-sectional field and questionnaire data, demographic information, past medical history, and other relevant data were collected. Blood samples were collected for pepsinogen (PG)I, PGII, gastrin-17, and Helicobacter pylori antibody testing, and gastroscopy and histopathologic biopsy were performed. Single factor and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between these indicators and GIM, and decision tree models were used to determine the cut-off points between indicators.ResultsOf 443 participants enrolled, 87 (19.6%) were diagnosed with GIM. Single factor analysis showed that pepsin indicators (PGI, PGII, and PGI/PGII ratio) and the factors Mandarin as native language, urban residency, hyperlipidemia, and age were associated with GIM. Logistic regression analysis showed that PGI and age were associated with GIM.ConclusionsAge is an important factor for predicting GIM progression; age >60 years increased its risk. Detection of GIM was higher in individuals with PGI levels >127.20 ng/mL, which could be used as a threshold indicating the need to perform gastroscopy and histopathologic biopsy.     

Presence of Gastric Autoantibodies Impairs Gastric Secretory Function in Patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive Duodenal Ulcer

Background: Although the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric autoimmunity is now well established, to date little is known about the significance of anticanalicular autoantibodies in patients with duodenal ulcer (DU). We therefore investigated the prevalence of serum antiparietal cell autoreactivity in DU patients as well as the relationship between these autoantibodies, gastric histopathology and gastric secretory function in this setting. Methods: Forty-one consecutive patients with H. pylori-positive DU were initially recruited. In all patients, basal (BAO) and pentagastrin stimulated acid output (PAO), fasting and meal-induced serum gastrin levels, as well as serum pepsinogen I concentrations, were measured. Antral and body gastritis was evaluated according to the Sydney system. Serum anticanalicular autoreactivity was determined by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Results: Serum anticanalicular autoantibodies were found in 7 out of 34 patients (20%). The presence of these antibodies was associated with a significantly higher grade of body gastritis (activity: 1.9 versus 0.9) as well as with significantly higher fasting and meal stimulated gastrin levels (mean fasting gastrin, 76.4 (15.2) pg/ml versus 59.3 (20.5) pg/ml). In addition, PAO values were significantly lower in patients with gastric autoantibodies than in those without this autoreactivity (mean 0.35 (0.16) mmol kg^-1 h^-1 versus 0.49 (0.16) mmol kg^-1 h^-1). In contrast, no significant differences were found between patients with and without anticanalicular autoantibodies as regards fasting serum pepsinogen I concentrations. Conclusions: Serum anticanalicular autoantibodies can be detected in 20% of patients with DU and are associated with a more severe pattern of body gastritis, higher gastrin levels and decreased peak acid secretion values. Their presence could account for the normal or reduced acid output which can be seen in a subset of DU patients.     

血清胃蛋白酶原水平变化对肝硬化患者胃黏膜功能的评估价值

目的研究血清胃蛋白酶原水平变化对肝硬化患者胃黏膜功能的评估价值。方法选取2014年12月至2015年12月我院收治的肝硬化患者85例作为研究组,同期健康体检正常者85例作为对照组,比较两组患者血清胃蛋白酶原水平变化以及按照Child-Pugh肝功能改良分级法不同等级间患者血清胃蛋白酶原水平变化情况。结果研究组患者PGI及PGⅡ水平均高于对照组,且组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者PGR低于对照组,但是组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);按照Child-Pugh肝功能分级,B级和C级患者血清PGI、PGⅡ水平及PGR均高于A级患者,且组间比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肝硬化患者可出现血清PG水平异常情况,且与肝功能分级有关,血清PG水平在一定程度上可以反映肝硬化患者胃黏膜功能状态。     

Differences in the Levels of Gastric Cancer Risk Factors Between Nanjing and Minqing Counties,China

Objectives:

In Fujian Province, China, gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among all malignant tumors. Nanjing county and Minqing county are located in inland Fujian and have similar general demographics. However, the adjusted mortality rate of gastric cancer in Minqing was found to be much higher than that in Nanjing. We sought to explore factors associated with this increased risk of gastric cancer between the two counties.

Methods:

We recruited 231 and 224 residents from Nanjing and Minqing, respectively, and analyzed differences between their dietary habits, Helicobacter pylori infection rates, and concentrations of serum pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, and ratio of pepsinogen I:II.

Results:

Subjects in Minqing had more first-degree relatives who had been diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal tumor, more unhealthy dietary habits, a higher Helicobacter pylori positive rate, and greater proportion of abnormal serum gastrin-17 than those in Nanjing did.

Conclusions:

The factors that differed between these two counties might indicate that residents in Minqing have a higher risk for developing gastric cancer than those in Nanjing do.     

血清胃蛋白酶原测定及在胃癌诊治中的应用进展

胃癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和病死率一直居我国恶性肿瘤之首,早期诊断对胃癌的预后具有重要意义。近年来随着免疫学、生物化学、分子生物学、细胞工程学和遗传工程学及其相应新技术的发展,发现了许多具有一定临床价值的肿瘤标志物。血清胃蛋白酶原水平是反映胃粘膜功能和状态的良好指标,近年来逐渐用于胃癌的诊治,本文综述胃蛋白酶原的分子结构、生物学特性、检测方法及在胃肠疾病诊治中的应用进展。     

新疆地区胃蛋白酶原与慢性萎缩性胃炎相关性探讨

目的目前全球范围内胃癌的发病率和病死率仍居高不下。由于进展期胃癌的预后差,早期筛查、诊断和干预胃肠化生、萎缩性胃炎和早期癌变对提高患者的生存率至关重要。本文旨在介绍胃蛋白酶原及其在筛查萎缩性胃炎和胃癌中的作用探讨血清胃蛋白酶原（pepsinogen,PG）与慢性萎缩性胃炎的相关性,并评估其临床价值。方法选择在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院消化内镜中心行胃镜检查的106例患者,其中慢性浅表性胃炎患者34例,慢性萎缩性胃炎患者72例,并设正常对照11例,采用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法法检测血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ和水平。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件处理数据的系统分析。结果与正常对照组相比,慢性萎缩性胃炎组PG I、PGⅠ/PGⅡ水平下降,慢性浅表性胃炎组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论通过检测血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ浓度可评价胃黏膜萎缩的程度,对胃癌进行早期诊断,具有一定诊断价值。