Short-Term Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Children

1. Download : Download high-res image (246KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Patients' expectations,experience and acceptability of postoperative analgesia: a nested qualitative study within a randomised controlled trial comparing rectus sheath catheter and thoracic epidural analgesia

Adequate postoperative analgesia is a key element of enhanced recovery programmes. Thoracic epidural analgesia is associated with superior postoperative analgesia but can lead to complications. Rectus sheath catheter analgesia may provide an alternative. In a nested qualitative study (within a two-year randomised controlled trial) focussing on the acceptability, expectations and experiences of receiving the interventions, participants (n = 20) were interviewed 4 weeks post-intervention using a grounded theory approach. Constant comparative analysis, with patient and public involvement, enabled emerging findings to be pursued through subsequent data collection. We found no notable differences regarding postoperative acceptability or the experience of pain management. Pre-operatively, however, thoracic epidural analgesia was a source of anticipatory fear and anxiety. Both interventions resulted in some experienced adverse events (proportionately more with thoracic epidural analgesia). Participants had negative experiences of the insertion of thoracic epidural analgesia; others receiving the rectus sheath catheter lacked confidence in staff members' ability to manage the local anaesthetic infusion pump. The anticipation of the technique of thoracic epidural analgesia, and concerns about its impact on mobility, represented an additional, unpleasant experience for patients already managing an illness experience, anticipating a life-changing operation and dealing with concerns about the future. The anticipation of rectus sheath catheter analgesia was not associated with such anxieties. Patients' experiences start far earlier than the experience of the intervention itself through anticipatory anxieties and fears about receiving a technique and its potential implications. Complex pain packages can take on greater meaning than their actual efficacy in relieving postoperative pain. Future research into patient acceptability and experience should not focus solely on efficacy of pain relief but should include anticipatory fears, anxieties and experiences.     

不同时期颅骨修补术对颅脑损伤患者术后神经功能的影响研究

目的探讨不同时期颅骨修补术对颅脑损伤患者术后神经功能的影响。方法 选取我院在2013 年1 月～2020 年1 月收治的60 例颅脑损伤患者为研究对象，随机分为早期组（n=30）与晚期组（n=30），分别予以早期、晚期颅骨修补术；比较两组患者的治疗效果、神经功能、日常生活活动能力及并发症发生情况。结果 （1）早期组优良率为86.67%，明显高于晚期组的60.00%（P＜0.05）。（2）早期组与晚期组术前NIHSS 评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），两组术后NIHSS 评分均明显低于术前，且早期组明显低于晚期组（P＜0.05）。（3）早期组与晚期组术前Barthel 指数比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），两组术后Barthel 指数均明显高于术前，且早期组明显高于晚期组（P＜0.05）。（4）早期组并发症总发生率为10.00%，明显低于晚期组的23.33%（P＜0.05）。结论 对颅脑损伤患者早期予以颅骨修补术治疗可获得更好的治疗效果，能够明显改善患者神经功能，提高日常生活活动能力，减少并发症的发生。     

Identifying the emergence of the superficial peroneal nerve through deep fascia on ultrasound and by dissection: Implications for regional anesthesia in foot and ankle surgery

Regional anesthesia relies on a sound understanding of anatomy and the utility of ultrasound in identifying relevant structures. We assessed the ability to identify the point at which the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) emerges through the deep fascia by ultrasound on 26 volunteers (mean age 27.85 years ± 13.186; equal male: female). This point was identified, characterized in relation to surrounding bony landmarks (lateral malleolus and head of the fibula), and compared to data from 16 formalin‐fixed human cadavers (mean age 82.88 years ± 6.964; equal male: female). The SPN was identified bilaterally in all subjects. On ultrasound it was found to pierce the deep fascia of the leg at a point 0.31 (±0.066) of the way along a straight line from the lateral malleolus to the head of the fibula (LM‐HF line). This occurred on or anterior to the line in all cases. Dissection of cadavers found this point to be 0.30 (±0.062) along the LM‐HF line, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (U = 764.000; exact two‐tailed P = 0.534). It was always on or anterior to the LM‐HF line, anterior by 0.74 cm (±0.624) on ultrasound and by 1.51 cm (±0.509) during dissection. This point was significantly further anterior to the LM‐HF line in cadavers (U = 257.700, exact two‐tailed P < 0.001). Dissection revealed the nerve to divide prior to emergence in 46.88% (n = 15) limbs, which was not identified on ultrasound (although not specifically assessed). Such information can guide clinicians when patient factors (e.g., obesity and peripheral edema) make ultrasound‐guided nerve localization more technically challenging. Clin. Anat. 32:390–395, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Adductor Canal Block or Local Infiltrate Analgesia for Pain Control After Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background

Total knee arthroplasty is a treatment option for debilitating arthritis. In the postoperative period, patients experience moderate to severe pain affecting the rehabilitation, hospital stay, and patient satisfaction. This study aims at utilizing current best evidence to determine whether adductor canal block (ACB) or periarticular injection (PAI) is a better modality for managing short-term postoperative pain and opioid consumption.

胸神经联合前锯肌平面阻滞对保留胸肌乳腺癌根治术后患者早期康复质量的影响

目的 探索胸神经联合前锯肌平面阻滞对保留胸肌乳腺癌根治术后患者早期恢复质量的影响。方法 选取2020年9月～2021年3月在邯郸市中心医院诊断乳腺癌并拟行保留胸肌式乳腺癌根治术的117例患者。根据是否术前行胸神经联合阻滞，分为全麻组和全麻复合神经阻滞组。于术毕24、48 h记录患者恶心呕吐发生率，上肢感觉异常，腋窝疼痛评分以及镇痛补救药物的用量。术毕48 h，行40项恢复质量评分量表（QoR 40）评分。比较术前血常规与术后一天血常规中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值。结果 全麻复合神经阻滞组在24、48 h的恶心呕吐发生率及镇痛补救药物用量均显著低于全麻组（P＜0.05），术毕24 h的上肢感觉异常，腋窝疼痛评分全麻复合神经阻滞组均显著低于全麻组（P＜0.05），术后QoR-40评分全麻复合神经阻滞组显著高于全麻组（P＜0.05）。术后中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值全麻复合神经阻滞组较全麻组明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论 全麻复合胸神经阻滞可提高保留胸肌式乳腺癌根治术后患者的舒适度和满意度，有助于提高早期康复的质量。