Differences in aerodynamic characteristics of new and dysfunctional Provox®2 voice prostheses in vivo

Tracheoesophageal voice prostheses need to be replaced due to increased airflow resistance or retrograde leakage of fluid into the trachea as a consequence of biofilm formation. Previous in vitro studies show a change of aerodynamic features of biofilm covered voice prostheses after removal of the prostheses out of the patient. To assess these changes in an in situ situation, aerodynamic characteristics were measured within 45 patients at the beginning and at the end of the wearing process of the Provox 2 voice prosthesis. As a consequence, the influence of biofilm formation on aerodynamic characteristics can be evaluated. In the majority of cases, leakage through the prosthesis was the reason for replacement. No differences were found in the total flow, volume range and intratracheal pressure (ITP) of the voice prostheses measured. The airflow resistance of biofilm covered prostheses was significantly reduced compared to new clean prostheses. However, no correlation was found between the extent of biofilm and the different aerodynamic features measured. Biofilm formation on the Provox 2 is responsible for both reduction in airflow resistance and leakage through the prosthesis by deterioration of the silicone rubber material.     

Voice prosthesis insertion after endoscopic balloon-catheter dilatation in case of a stenotic hypopharyngo-oesophageal junction

Stenosis of the hypopharyngo-oesophageal junction can be a rare complication of laryngectomy and/or partial pharyngectomy and makes the insertion of voice prosthesis extremely difficult. This study describes the authors’ experiences gained by endoscopic balloon-catheter dilatation of hypopharyngo-oesophageal stenoses prior to implantation of voice prostheses in four cases. In two patients a single balloon-catheter dilatation resulted in wide enough pharyngo-oesophageal lumen on the long run. The average prosthesis wearing-times were 6.8 months in case 1 and 4.6 months in case 2, corresponding to the published literature data. In case 3, repeated dilatation of the pharyngo-oesophageal transition had proved to be unsuccessful despite taking every effort with the endoscopic balloon-catheter method. Having excised the stenotic segment, reconstruction with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) was indicated. Eighteen months later, a repeated restenosis was observed and a free jejunal flap needed to be performed as a final solution. In case 4, the insertion was carried out into a previously dilated jejunal free flap, which became gradually ischemic and stenotic since the major head-and neck procedure was carried out that resulted in prosthesis rejection after just 1 week. The authors emphasize that correct indication of pedicled and free flaps in head and neck reconstruction is a prerequisite from the aspect of prevention of pharyngo-oesophageal strictures. Endoscopic balloon-catheter dilatation is a safe and established method for dilatating hypopharyngo-oesophageal stenoses of different origin. The procedure provides maximum patient benefit with minimal trauma and morbidity; moreover, facilitates insertion of voice prostheses. However, a single balloon-catheter dilatation cannot always result in wide enough oesophageal lumen on the long run (case 3). Insertion of a voice prosthesis into a previously dilated ischemic jejunal segment is challenging and avoidable due to risks of complications.     

喉癌术后迟发性感染32例报告

目的：探讨喉癌患者术后出现迟发性感染的原因和治疗方法。方法：患者均为男性，平均58岁；声门上区21例(T1N0M0 5例、T1N1M0 6例、T1N2M0 4例、T2N0M0 2例、T2N0M0 3例、T3N2M0 1例)，声门区10例(T2N0M0 3例、T3N0M04例、T3N1M0 3例)，外院全喉切除术后1例(TNM分期不详)；喉重建术31例，术后18例(56．25％)患者接受放疗。迟发性感染发生在术后1～10个月，平均术后5．6个月；1～3个月13例，4～6个月16例，7～10个月3例，合并颌下隙感染2例。静脉应用广谱抗生素同时切开排脓或行局部扩大清创术，32例中23例(72．5％)切口内发现缝合丝线头。结果：10例10d左右完全愈合，22例愈合时间为15d～0，5年，平均2个月。随访2月～8年，失访5例，20例患者存活，9例患者拔管保留喉功能，死亡7例。结论：迟发性感染的主要原因是颈部切口留有缝线、细菌感染、手术局部血运差、放射治疗等。     

An improved method of flexible endoscopic creation of tracheoesophageal fistula for voice restoration

We present improvements of a previously reported method of tracheoesophageal puncture for voice restoration in postlaryngectomy patients. Our method utilizes a flexible endoscope to enable the tracheoesophageal puncture to be made under direct visualization using only local anesthesia and intravenous sedation. After 3 days, the created tracheoesophageal fistula tract is mature enough to allow placement of a voice prosthesis in the office. This allows the entire procedure to be performed in an outpatient setting with minimal risk. Received: 24 October 1996/Accepted: 24 January 1997     

全喉切除改良气管-咽吻合Ⅰ期发声重建术

目的：探讨全喉切除Ⅰ期发声重建术的改进术式。方法：采用低位气管切开，全喉切除，食管前壁黏膜重建声门，气管切口处造瘘．颈段气管上提并缩窄吻合于舌根的方法行全喉切除及Ⅰ期发声重建木35例。结果：33例(94．29％）术后获得了不同程度的发声功能．不能发声者仅2例(5．71％)。全部患者术后均可经口进食，未出现严重的影响生存质量的误咽。结论：与以往的发声重建术相比，本术式具有发声成功率高、发声质量良好、误咽率低等优点，且无须置人人工发声装置．值得推广。     

喉部分切除术治疗喉癌30年回顾

目的：探讨30年间喉部分切除术在喉癌治疗中的应用。方法：30年间行喉部分切除术257例,将30年喉部分切除术后治疗喉癌分前10年、中间10年和后10年3个阶段,进行对比观察。前10年、中间10年和后10年喉癌手术中喉部分切除术分别占9．6％、52．3％和68．6％。结果：30年间喉部分切除术257例,前10年、后10年和后10年3年生存率分别为50．0％、63．0％和73．6％,5年生存率分别为37．5％、55．6％和71．8％;术后1－3月内拔管率分别为37．5％、50．6％和71．4％,术后咽瘘发生率分别为25．0％、12．3％和3．0％。结论：30年间喉部分切除术患者年龄有逐渐增高趋势;全喉切除术逐渐减少,喉部分切除术逐渐增加;3、5年生存率和术后拔管率有逐渐提高的趋势;术后咽瘘和逐渐减少的趋势。     

再造含披裂软骨的喉发声管在次全喉切除术中的应用(附7例报告)

目的 :于次全喉切除术后重建喉发声功能。方法 :7例喉癌病变范围 T3 N0 M0 行次全喉切除术 ,术中保留健侧的披裂软骨及杓间区粘膜 ,用披裂软骨与下咽粘膜制作具有括约功能的喉发声管。结果 :患者术后发声功能良好 ,无误吸。随访 2～ 5年 ,死亡 2例 ,健在 5例。结论 :该术式可保存部分喉功能。     

改良Amatsu法全喉切除术后的发音重建

目的：对全喉切除术后Ⅰ期气管食管造瘘术式发音重建进行临床评价。方法：用改良Ａｍｓｔｓｕ法对２０例患者实施全喉切除术后Ⅰ期发音重建术。结果：２０例全喉切除术后发音重建术患者随访１￣８年,最终有１６例获得发音功能。结论：全喉切除术后一期完成气管－食管造瘘发音重建术,适用于所有的全喉切除术或同期作根治性颈廓清术及术后放疗的患者,能较好地解决全喉切除术后发音问题。     

稀释法自体输血在喉癌手术中的应用

目的：探讨稀释法自体输血在喉癌手术中的应用价值。方法：对３０例Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉癌患者采用稀释法自体输血（稀释组）,仅在术中失血过多时,再输入适量异体血;将３０例病情及手术方法与稀释组一致的喉癌患者为对照组,不采用稀释法自体输血,有输血指征时输入异体血。结果：稀释组中仅８例需输入异体血,对照组中１９例需输入异体血,差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）;两组均无并发症发生（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：稀释法自体输血