经额部与经颞部血肿钻孔引流术治疗高血压脑出血疗效的Meta分析

目的比较经额部与经颞部血肿钻孔引流术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。 方法按照制定的检索策略，检索中国知网、万方、维普等中文数据库及Medline、Embase、Cochrane等英文数据库，对于符合纳入排除标准的研究利用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果经检索，5个临床研究符合标准，共488例病例，其中经额部钻孔引流组236例，经颞部钻孔引流组252例。2组在手术时间、术后第7天血肿残余量及术后并发症发生率方面比较差异无统计学意义，经额部钻孔引流组在术后第3天血肿残余量、住院时间、术后日常活动能力方面更有优势。 结论经额部血肿钻孔引流较经颞部在血肿清除效率、改善预后方面更有优势。     

立体定向与神经导航技术在少量大脑半球出血患者中的应用

目的对于少量自发性脑出血伴明显功能障碍的患者是采取保守治疗还是手术,通常有争议性,探讨通过立体定向技术清除血肿对患者预后的改善作用。方法选取近5 a大脑半球出血患者150例(出血量20~30 mL),其中50例采用立体定向技术给予血肿清除术,50例采用导航技术给予血肿清除术,分别为手术组1、手术组2,另50例为药物保守治疗组,对比3组患者的改良Barthel指数评分及mRS评分。结果入组患者单侧肢体肌力<3级,出血量≤30 mL,出血部位为基底节区或丘脑。通过6个月随访,手术组改良Barthel指数评分、mRS评分显著优于保守治疗组。手术组相对保守组有更好的功能改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于少量自发性脑出血伴明显功能障碍的患者,通过立体定向手术、神经导航技术能显著改善患者的日常生活功能,其中立体定向技术并发症及血肿清除率优于神经导航技术。     

腹膜前引流对腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术患者术后血肿及血清肿的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）放置腹膜前引流对术后血肿及血清肿的影响。 方法选取2016年6月至2018年5月，江苏省苏州市中西医结合医院收治的单侧腹股沟疝患者90例，随机分为试验组和对照组，2组患者均行TAPP手术。试验组放置腹膜前引流管，对照组不放置引流管。收集2组患者的一般资料、手术相关资料及随访资料进行统计学分析，对比2组患者术后血肿及血清肿发生率差异。 结果全部患者均完成手术及随访。2组患者的一般资料、疝位置、疝分型、手术时间、住院花费、术后住院时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组患者的术后发热发生率、急性疼痛发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。试验组术后血肿发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05），试验组患者术后1和3个月血清肿发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者1年随访均观察到1例复发的病例，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；随访期内2组患者均未出现感染的病例。 结论TAPP中，放置腹膜前引流管能够有效降低患者术后血肿和血清肿的发生率，同时并不增加感染和复发风险。     

Robot-assisted neurosurgery versus conventional treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this review is to determine the efficacy and safety of robotic surgery for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). PICO question was formulated as: whether robot-assisted neurosurgery is more effective and safer than conventional treatment for ICH with respect to drainage time, complications, operation time, extent of evacuation and neurological function improvement. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online, OVID, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trails, Current Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), OpenGrey and references of related papers. Key words included robot, robotic, hematoma, hemorrhage and neurosurgery. Then we used Microsoft Excel to collect data. Except from qualitative analysis, we did meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3. 9 papers were included in qualitative synthesis, 6 in meta-analysis for rebleeding rate and 4 in analysis for operative and drainage time. Qualitative synthesis showed shorter operative time and drainage time, a larger extent of evacuation, better neurological function improvement and less complications in robotic group, while meta-analysis suggested that robot-assisted surgery reduced rebleeding rate compared to other surgical procedures, but whether it is superior to conservative treatment in preventing rebleeding still needs more proof. Meta-analysis for operative and drainage time should be explained cautiously because a significant heterogeneity existed and we supposed that differences in baseline characteristics might influence the results. Finally, we drew a conclusion that robotic neurosurgery is a safe and effective approach which is better than conventional surgery or conservative treatment with respect to rebleeding rate, intracranial infection rate and neurological function improvement.     

Primary central nervous system angiosarcoma with recurrent acute subdural hematoma

Angiosarcoma is an infrequent tumor among sarcomas, especially presenting as a primary tumor within the central nervous system, which can lead to a rapid neurological deterioration and death in few months. We present a 41-year old man with a right frontal enhancing hemorrhagic lesion. Surgery was performed with histopathological findings suggesting a primary central nervous system angiosarcoma. He was discharged uneventfully and received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. At 5 months, the follow-up MRI showed two lesions with an acute subdural hematoma, suggesting a relapse. Surgery was again conducted finding tumoral membranes attached to the internal layer of the duramater around the right hemisphere. The patient died a few days later due to the recurrence of the subdural hematoma.This case report illustrates a rare and lethal complication of an unusual tumor. The literature reviewed shows that gross-total resection with adjuvant radiotherapy seems to be the best treatment of choice.     

Temporal changes in extra-axial brain hematoma's signal intensity in magnetic resonance images of trauma patients: A preliminary,technical study

IntroductionDating the exact or estimated time of trauma is an important issue facing forensic medicine. Several clinical and radiological methods were used to achieve this purpose. In the recent study, we aimed to track the changes in the signal intensity of the extra-axial brain hematoma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conventional sequences as well as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).Materials and methodsConsidering inclusion and exclusion criteria, all patients with blunt head trauma were involved. After proper management., stabilization, and resuscitation, the participants were assessed using conventional sequences of MRI and DWI twenty-four hours, forty-eight hours, and three weeks after the injury. Temporal changes of signal intensity were compared by Wilcoxon ranged test.ResultsSixteen patients sustaining blunt head trauma were included in this study. The study showed that during the time, diffusion restriction could be seen in an extraaxial hematoma. At the first 24 hours, the signal of hematoma was void in 87.5% of DWI and 100% of ADC. On the second day, they were hypo-signal in 75% of DWI and 100% 0f ADCs, and after three weeks, 100% of cases were hyper-signal in DWI and hypo-signal ADCs.ConclusionThis preliminary study has shown that the DWI can be used to detect and track the extra-axial hematoma. The signal intensity was void during the first twentyfour hours, although it became hypo-signal after 48 hours. Of note, the diffusion restriction is noted after three weeks.