1例直肠癌患者术后继发腹壁多处坏死性软组织感染的护理

总结1例直肠癌患者术后继发腹壁多处坏死性软组织感染的护理经验。护理要点：感染性休克的早期识别和有效控制;坏死性软组织感染的识别及护理,控制全身性感染再次发生;分阶段落实个体化镇痛,改善疼痛症状;分阶段动态落实营养支持方案;实施全程心理干预。经过122 d的精心护理,8处伤口全部愈合,患者恢复良好。     

Liver Transplantation Following Life-threatening Abdominal Trauma: A Case Series of 5 Patients at a Single Institution

Managing traumatic liver injury (TLI) is always challenging and demands precise clinical judgment. Currently, treatment of TLI in most circumstances is non-operative; however, surgical therapy might be required for severe TLI, particularly those that result in extensive blood loss. In the current institutional study carried out from June 1995 to April 2017, we describe our experience with 5 patients who received an orthotopic liver transplant for severe TLI. One patient passed away postoperatively from cerebral edema; 1 patient died of renal failure 4 years after the liver transplantation, and 3 patients are still alive. Based on our experience, we conclude that in patients with TLI, especially those with uncontrollable bleeding or those who develop liver failure, liver transplantation should be taken into consideration.     

Dissected Aorta Repair Through Stent Implantation trial: Canadian results

Objectives

We describe the Canadian results of the Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS), a novel partially uncovered aortic arch hybrid graft implanted antegrade during hypothermic circulatory arrest to promote true lumen expansion and enhance aortic remodeling.

Lateral Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer: Do we all Think the Same? A Review of Multidisciplinary Obstacles and Treatment Recommendations

Lateral lymph nodes in low, locally advanced, rectal cancer have proven implications for local recurrence rates, which increase drastically in the presence of persistently enlarged lateral lymph nodes. These clinical implications warrant a thorough understanding of lateral nodal disease with awareness and knowledge from all three specialties involved – radiology, radiation oncology, and surgery – to ensure proper treatment. Relevant literature for each specialty, including all current guidelines and perspectives, were examined. Variations in definitions and treatment paradigms were evaluated. There is still no consensus for the standardized treatment of lateral nodal disease. Each discipline works according to their own available evidence, but relevant data are scarce. Current international guidelines and standard recommendations for the diagnostics and treatment of lateral lymph nodes are lacking. This results in differing perspectives and interpretations between the disciplines which can lead to challenging communication in an area where multidisciplinary collaboration is essential. This review addresses this by presenting the current evidence, perspectives and practices of each specialty and makes suggestions for each phase of the diagnostic and treatment process for patients with lateral nodal disease. By doing this, steps are taken toward achieving international consensus, and multidisciplinary collaboration.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术中T管、双J管引流与单纯一期缝合的应用比较

背景与目的 腹腔镜胆总管探查术（LCBDE）以“创伤小、恢复快”的临床优势成为临床治疗胆总管结石的主要手段，甚至是一线推荐方案。但LCBDE后是否需引流胆汁及不同胆汁引流方式的选择仍存在诸多争议，如传统的LCBDE+胆道外引流管（T管）引流适应证的探讨、单纯一期缝合（PDC）是否导致高术后并发症发生率、胆道内引流是否优于外引流等。针对以上问题，本文采取回顾性研究，比较T管、胆道内引流管（双J管）与PDC在LCBDE中的临床应用，并就其相应适应证进行探讨。方法 回顾性收集2015年3月—2018年5月昆明医科大学第二附属医院363例行LCBDE患者的临床资料，根据治疗方式不同分为T管组（128例）、双J管组（115例）和PDC组（120例）。比较三组术前一般资料（性别、肝功能、胆总管直径、结石直径）；围手术期相关资料（手术时间、住院时间、住院费用）及术后并发症（胆源性胰腺炎、胆汁漏、胆管狭窄、引流管脱落、残余结石）发生率等。结果 三组患者术前一般资料差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。PDC组平均手术时间（75.5 min）明显短于T管组（98.5 min）与双J管组（90.5 min），PDC组与双J管组的平均住院时间（4.8 d与5.4 d）均少于T管组（7.8 d），PDC组与双J管组平均住院费用（18 489 元与20 157元）均低于T管组（24 034 元），差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。三组术后总并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P=0.521）；PDC组胆汁漏发生率（3.3%）高于另两组（均P<0.05），且患者均为多发胆管结石（>1枚），其中3例结石嵌顿于Oddi括约肌，2例胆管直径<10 mm；双J管组术后胆源性胰腺炎发生率（4.3%）明显高于另两组（均P<0.05），其中2例患者由于结石嵌顿致十二指肠乳头水肿，2例十二指肠乳头旁憩室，1例乳头炎性狭窄。结论 虽然PDC在住院时间及住院花费方面有优势，但术后并发症发生率较高，T管引流与双J管引流也有各自优势与适应证。是否需要引流及引流方式的选择，应根据患者经济情况，结合术前检查，术中腹腔镜及胆道镜对胆道情况的评估进行综合判断，“个体化”选择，以期尽量减少术后并发症，提高患者满意度。     

改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合胰十二指肠切除术临床效果研究

目的探讨改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合的胰十二指肠切除术临床效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年3月62例行胰十二指肠切除术(PD)患者临床资料,其中30例行改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术(改良组),32例行传统胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术(传统组)。选用SPSS 20.00统计学软件进行数据分析,围术期相关指标和术后第1、3、5、7、9 d的腹腔引流液淀粉酶水平用(±s)表示,采用独立t检验;并发症发生率采用χ^2检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果改良组出血量明显小于传统组(P<0.05),其余相关围术期指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);改良组术后发生1例胰瘘明显小于传统组9例(P<0.05),其中改良组B级胰瘘发生率明显小于传统组(P<0.05),生化瘘、C级胰瘘发生率、淋巴瘘、胃排空发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者腹腔引流液淀粉酶含量在术后第1、3、5、7、9 d的检测期间内,传统组腹腔引流液淀粉酶含量小于改良组(P<0.05)。结论改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术相比于传统胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术在PD中能有效降低胰瘘的发生率,具有一定的临床推广价值。