Attentional Bias in specific symmetry and cleaning dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Attentional bias (AB) refers to increased allocation of attention on threat stimuli when compared to neutral stimuli. It is not clear if AB occurs in subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We tested AB for symmetry and cleaning symptoms of OCD. Sixty-two patients with OCD and 40 healthy controls matched by gender, age and IQ, completed a computerized dot-probe task where two pictures (with symmetry or cleaning related content) were shown. The probe appeared in the location previously occupied by one of the pictures. Within-subjects linear mixed-effect models were used to investigate the effects of the factors: group (patients vs controls), OCD dimension (cleaning vs symmetry), task condition (neutral, congruent and incongruent), and the interaction among them. We also correlated AB scores with the clinical and demographic variables. No positive interaction resulted among the factors, but positive results were observed in group and condition, separately. Patients were significantly slower than controls (p-value = 0.014) (an effect that was accounted for by depression and anxiety symptoms and comorbidity) and the neutral condition was significantly faster when compared the other two conditions (congruent and incongruent, p-value = 0.013). No association was found between AB scores and clinical symptoms. There was no AB toward specific, content-related, stimuli in this sample of OCD patients.     

氧气湿化瓶漂洗筐的设计与应用

目的为了提高清洗质量,确保干燥、降低反洗率,提高工作效率,针对湿化瓶的特点而设计了专用湿化瓶漂洗筐。方法制作六面带网状而内底带柱的不锈钢清洗筐,根据我院去污区清洗池的长和宽度设计漂洗筐长约58cm,宽约37cm,高约14cm,盖边一方与筐体相连,可活动,另一方带扣,两侧带提手。钢丝柱直径0.5cm,柱与柱之间前后都相隔7cm。柱子是焊接在钢条上的,所以304号钢条要求比钢柱直径宽,大约1cm左右,高度为8cm,每筐可盛装40个湿化瓶。结果氧气湿化瓶漂洗筐使用之前湿化瓶反洗率3%,使用后湿化瓶反洗率0.2%。结论制作适宜盛装湿化瓶的漂洗筐,在清洗时确保了清洗质量和干燥效果,提高了工作效率。     

不同清洗方法对血渍干涸器械清洗质量的对比

目的 探讨医院血渍干涸器械有效的清洗方法,以提高清洗质量,保证灭菌效果。方法 选择人工血液污染的金属器械1 800件,分为三组,每组齿牙器械500件,管腔类器械100件,分别接受直接机洗（常规组）、酶泡加机洗（试验A组）、酶液超声加机洗（试验B组）进行清洗,评价清洁合格率并进行对比。结果 目测显示：常规组、试验A组、试验B组的合格率分别为66.17%、86.83%、100.00%;放大镜检测：常规组、试验A组、试验B组的合格率分别为60.17%、82.33%、100.00%;潜血检测：常规组、试验A组、试验B组的合格率分别为60.00%、81.67%、100.00%,三组两两比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 酶液超声加机洗的器械清洗方法的清洁效果明显优于其他两种方法。     

INFLUENCE OF PROTAPER FINISHING FILES AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ON CLEANING AND SHAPING OF MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISORS – A HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Objective:

This study investigated the influence of the last apical instrument of the ProTaper system with and without 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for cleaning mandibular central incisors.

Material and Methods:

Thirty two mandibular central incisors were divided into six study groups: Group I – F1 instrument with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; Group II – F1 and F2 with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; Group III – F1, F2 and F3 with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; Group IV – F1 with distilled water; Group V – F1 and F2 with distilled water; Group VI – F1, F2 and F3 with distilled water. The two remaining teeth comprised the negative control group. The specimens were prepared following the principles of the technique suggested by the manufacturer and then submitted to histological preparation and morphometric analysis. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal Wallis test at 1% significance level.

Results:

There was statistically significant difference (p<0.01) between all study groups, except between Groups I and VI.

Conclusions:

It was concluded that no technique allowed complete cleaning of the root canals. However, the technique of finishing preparation of the apical third with the F3 instrument with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation was the most effective.     

The effect of cleaning on blood contamination in the dental surgery following periodontal procedures

Blood contamination of 16 surfaces in the dental surgery was investigated using the Kastle-Meyer test for haemoglobin, after three types of periodontal procedures had been performed on a total of 30 patients. The effect of cleaning surfaces contaminated by blood was investigated using the same test. Cleaning materials used in the dental surgery were tested to rule out the possibility of false positive outcomes and the sensitivity of the test was determined prior to the study. The results show a marked variation in the degree of contamination and efficacy of cleaning following treatment. Overall, root planing was associated with the most widespread and frequent blood contamination and gingival surgery the least. The surgery work surface, edge of the spittoon, aspirator tube and ultrasonic scaler handpiece into which the ultrasonic insert fits, were the most frequently contaminated surfaces. The work surface, dentist's pen, light switch and handle were cleaned most effectively. The least effectively cleaned surfaces were the water dispenser switch, aspirator tube, bracket table and ultrasonic scaler handpiece. Methods for reducing this potential source of crossinfection are discussed.     

Control of brushing variables for the in vitro assessment of toothpaste abrasivity using a novel laboratory model

OBJECTIVES: Design and construct a tooth-brushing simulator incorporating control of brushing variables including brushing force, speed and temperature, thereby facilitating greater understanding of their importance in toothpaste abrasion testing methodologies. METHODS: A thermostable orbital shaker was selected as a base unit and 16- and 24-specimen brushing rigs were constructed to fit inside, consisting of: a square bath partitioned horizontally to provide brushing channels, specimen holders for 25 mm diameter mounted specimens to fit the brushing channels and individually weighted brushing arms, able to support four toothbrush holders suspended over the brushing channels. Brush head holders consisted of individually weighted blocks of Delrin, or PTFE onto which toothbrush heads were fixed. Investigating effects of key design criteria involved measuring abrasion depths of polished human enamel and dentine. RESULTS: The brushing simulator demonstrated good reproducibility of abrasion on enamel and dentine across consecutive brushing procedures. Varying brushing parameters had a significant impact on wear results: increased brushing force demonstrated a trend towards increased wear, with increased reproducibility for greater abrasion levels, highlighting the importance of achieving sufficient wear to optimise accuracy; increasing brushing temperature demonstrated increased enamel abrasion for silica and calcium carbonate systems, which may be related to slurry viscosities and particle suspension; varying brushing speed showed a small effect on abrasion of enamel at lower brushing speed, which may indicate the importance of maintenance of the abrasive in suspension. CONCLUSIONS: Adjusting key brushing variables significantly affected wear behaviour. The brushing simulator design provides a valuable model system for in vitro assessment of toothpaste abrasivity and the influence of variables in a controlled manner. Control of these variables will allow more reproducible study of in vitro tooth wear processes.     

口腔科常用医疗器械清洗消毒效果的评价

目的评价口腔科医疗器械常规清洗消毒的效果。方法选择2013年7月～12月口腔科使用过的非一次性医疗器械（拔牙钳、车针）共36669件,消毒供应室清洗消毒处理前后,对物体表面口腔常见的变形链球菌、白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及乙肝病毒进行检测,并用目测法分析清洗的质量,测评临床的满意度。结果（1）器械清洗消毒质量的合格数为35395件,合格率达到96．52％;（2）细菌和病毒检测结果显示,除了工作室桌子有10次细菌不达标以外,其余均未检出细菌和病毒;（3）紫外照射与高压的消毒效果差距较大,未高压的灭菌消毒效果低于高压的灭菌消毒效果;（4）临床使用满意度达到95．83％。结论经规范化清洗消毒与管理,基本能确保口腔器械的卫生安全,所采用的清洗消毒措施,在一定程度上能有效控制医院感染的发生。