Subclinical cardiovascular disease and Systemic Sclerosis: A comparison between risk charts,quantification of coronary calcium and carotid ultrasonography

Background and objectives

Recently published population-based cohort studies have shown a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients. The aim of this study is to compare three different methods to measure cardiovascular risk in patients with scleroderma.

强制性使用运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的影响

目的:研究强制性使用运动疗法(CIMT)对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的影响。方法:选择60例脑卒中患者,随机平均分为强制性使用运动疗法(CIMT)治疗组和常规康复(RRT)治疗组。CIMT组采用强制性运动疗法治疗4周,RRT组采用常规康复治疗方法治疗4周。采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分法(FMA)和改良巴氏指数(MBI)评定患者的上肢运动功能。结果:同组间治疗前后比较,FMA和MBI均有明显改善,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后CIMT组的FMA和MBI值比RRT组显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:CIMT对于脑卒中患者偏瘫上肢功能是较常规康复疗法更有效的康复治疗手段。     

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been shown to predict cardiovascular (CV) risk in multiple large studies. Careful evaluation of CIMT studies reveals discrepancies in the comprehensiveness with which CIMT is assessed—the number of carotid segments evaluated (common carotid artery [CCA], internal carotid artery [ICA], or the carotid bulb), the type of measurements made (mean or maximum of single measurements, mean of the mean, or mean of the maximum for multiple measurements), the number of imaging angles used, whether plaques were included in the intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement, the report of adjusted or unadjusted models, risk association versus risk prediction, and the arbitrary cutoff points for CIMT and for plaque to predict risk. Measuring the far wall of the CCA was shown to be the least variable method for assessing IMT. However, meta-analyses suggest that CCA-IMT alone only minimally improves predictive power beyond traditional risk factors, whereas inclusion of the carotid bulb and ICA-IMT improves prediction of both cardiac risk and stroke risk. Carotid plaque appears to be a more powerful predictor of CV risk compared with CIMT alone. Quantitative measures of plaques such as plaque number, plaque thickness, plaque area, and 3-dimensional assessment of plaque volume appear to be progressively more sensitive in predicting CV risk than mere assessment of plaque presence. Limited data show that plaque characteristics including plaque vascularity may improve CV disease risk stratification further. IMT measurement at the CCA, carotid bulb, and ICA that allows inclusion of plaque in the IMT measurement or CCA-IMT measurement along with plaque assessment in all carotid segments is emerging as the focus of carotid artery ultrasound imaging for CV risk prediction.     

Effectiveness and Superiority of Rehabilitative Treatments in Enhancing Motor Recovery Within 6 Months Poststroke: A Systemic Review

Objective

To investigate the effects of various rehabilitative interventions aimed at enhancing poststroke motor recovery by assessing their effectiveness when compared with no treatment or placebo and their superiority when compared with conventional training program (CTP).

强迫性上肢训练对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经传导束的影响

目的探讨强制性功能训练对大鼠模型的神经传导束的影响。方法55只雌性SD大鼠随机分成两组：模型自然恢复（NR）组和模型强制训练（CIMT）组。CIMT组每天束缚健侧上肢强制进行滚筒、平衡木、网屏训练;NR组放在相同的自然环境下饲养。CIMT组在术后5d、10d、15d、30d、60d分别训练,行为学评分。最后的时间点各取5只大鼠,分别行核磁共振扫描,取大脑脚和脊髓进行髓鞘染色进行光镜观察。结果CIMT组的平衡能力、协调能力和患侧上肢的肌力较NR组恢复快（P〈0.05）。CI-MT组患侧大脑脚和脊髓的神经纤维明显增粗,较少脱髓鞘,细胞数也略增多。结论CIMT训练可以最大限度地募集患侧存在功能的神经纤维（神经传导束）,降低其脱髓鞘的神经传导束的数目。     

苦碟子注射液联合脑苷肌肽治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的探讨苦碟子注射液联合脑苷肌肽治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法选取2015年9月—2017年9月皖南医学院第二附属医院收治的86例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各43例。对照组静脉滴注脑苷肌肽注射液,20 mL加入生理盐水250 mL充分稀释后给药,缓慢滴注,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注苦碟子注射液,40 mL加入生理盐水250 mL均匀混合后给药,1次/d。两组均连续治疗14 d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分、颈总动脉内径(CCAD)、颈动脉内-中膜厚度(CIMT)、椎动脉收缩期峰值(Vs)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、血清低/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(LDL-C/HDL-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为72.09%、90.70%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组NIHSS、ADL评分、LDL-C/HDL-C值、hs-CRP、PCT、Cys-C、Hcy较治疗前均显著降低,两组双侧椎动脉Vs、Vd值均显著增加,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组NIHSS、ADL评分、双侧CCAD、CIMT值、LDL-C/HDL-C值、hs-CRP、PCT、Cys-C、Hcy均显著低于对照组,治疗组双侧椎动脉Vs、Vd值显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论苦碟子注射液联合脑苷肌肽治疗急性脑梗死具有较好的临床疗效,可有效改善患者脑血流状态,减轻组织损伤与颈动脉粥样硬化病变,促进神经功能恢复,提高生活质量,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

新疆哈萨克族健康人群肾功能与中心动脉反射波增强指数和颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性分析

目的：探讨新疆哈萨克族健康人群的肾功能与中心动脉反射波增强指数（AIx）和颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）的关系。方法从新疆塔城地区筛选临床健康居民546例,检测血压、血肌酐、血脂等指标,用中国人校正的 MDRD公式计算肾小球滤过率（GFR）,用PWA仪测定中心动脉压,彩色多普勒检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度,运用多元线性回归分析多种因素对 GFR的影响,观察肾功能的改变与中心动脉反射波增强指数和颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系。结果随着年龄的增长,肾功能随增龄逐渐减退,而中心动脉反射波增强指数呈增高的趋势;肾功能及中心动脉反射波增强指数的增龄改变存在性别差异（P ＜0．05）;各年龄组女性的中心动脉反射波增强指数较男性升高更为明显（P ＜0．05）;相关性分析结果显示 GFR与中心动脉反射波增强指数呈负相关（r ＝-0．127, P ＜0．05）。多元线性回归分析显示年龄、Alx是新疆哈萨克族人群GFR的影响因素（β值分别为-0．272、-0．137, P 均＜0．01）。结论在新疆哈萨克族健康成年人中,年龄和中心动脉反射波增强指数可能是肾功能衰退的影响因素,而与颈动脉内膜中层厚度无关。     

Health Effects from Occupational Radiation Exposure among Fluoroscopy-Guided Interventional Medical Workers: A Systematic Review

A systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of the health effects of occupational radiation exposure from interventional fluoroscopy procedures on medical radiation workers. Among the 34 studies that met the inclusion criteria, most studies were cross-sectional (76%) and published after 2011 (65%) in a handful of countries. Although diverse outcomes were reported, most studies focused on cataracts. Radiation health effects were rarely assessed by risk per unit dose. Interventional radiation medical workers represent a small subset of the population studied worldwide. Further epidemiologic studies should be conducted to evaluate health outcomes among interventional radiation medical workers.     

阿托伐他汀和匹格列酮对心血管高危人群的影响

目的探讨单独应用阿托伐他汀与联合应用阿托伐他汀和匹格列酮对高危心血管人群颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）、高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、脂联素及脂质状况的影响。方法90名有心血管危险因素的患者被随机分为两组：单独应用阿托伐他汀治疗组、联合应用阿托伐他汀和匹格列酮治疗组,分别检测两组患者治疗前及治疗六个月后的CIMT、hs-CRP、脂联素、MMP-9的血浆水平及检测血脂水平。结果单独应用阿托伐他汀及联合应用阿托伐他汀和匹格列酮均显示CIMT的显著降低（P〈0.001）,无组间差异（P〉0.05）。两组的MMP-9在治疗后均较治疗前降低,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但组间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。两组对h-CRP、脂联素及血脂水平均有有意义的影响,组间有统计学差异,联合用药组提示影响更显著（P〈0.05）。联合用药组血浆脂联素水平明显升高而单独应用阿托伐他汀组未被观察到。结论阿托伐他汀明显改善CIMT,联合应用阿托伐他汀和匹格列酮对脂质状况和炎症因子有额外的影响。