集束化护理干预措施在临床主动脉球囊反搏治疗中的效果分析

目的:探讨集束化护理干预措施在急性心肌梗塞患者的临床主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)治疗中的应用价值。方法:选取医院接收行IABP治疗的112例急性心梗患者,采用随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组56例。对照组采用常规护理干预措施,观察组采用集束化护理干预措施。对比两组患者插管前急性生理学及慢性健康状况(apacheⅡ)评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分以及临床治疗效果和护理服务质量。结果:观察组出院前apacheⅡ评分高于对照组,SAS评分及SDS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.276,t=3.381,t=2.852;P<0.05);观察组肢体缺血率、伤口感染率及心力衰竭率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x~2=5.973,x~2=4.148,x~2=4.846;P<0.05);观察组IABP治疗时间和住院时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.262,t=2.741;P<0.05);观察组患者满意度、医生认可度及护理规范度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.709,t=3.154,t=4.134;P<0.05)。结论:集束化护理干预措施能有效地提高IABP患者的治疗效果,改善患者的焦虑和抑郁情况,提升相关护理工作人员的整体服务质量。     

How do I manage a patient with enterococcal bacteraemia?

BackgroundEnterococcal bacteraemia (EB) is common, particularly in the nosocomial setting, and its management poses a challenge for clinicians and microbiologists.ObjectivesThe aim was to summarize the more relevant features of EB and to provide a practical state-of-the-art on the topics that more directly affect its management.SourcesPubmed articles from inception to 31 May 2020.ContentThe following topics are covered: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics and factors associated with prognosis of EB; diagnosis and work-up, including the use of echocardiography to rule out endocarditis; antibiotic management with special focus on antimicrobial resistance and complicated EB; and the role of infectious disease consultation and the use of bundles in EB. In addition, three clinical vignettes are presented to illustrate the practical application of the guidance provided, and major gaps in the current evidence supporting EB management are discussed.ImplicationsEB is associated with large burdens of morbidity and mortality, particularly among fragile and immunosuppressed patients presenting complicated bacteraemia due to multidrug-resistant enterococci. Most cases of EB are caused by Enterococcus faecalis, followed by E. faecium. EB often presents as polymicrobial bacteraemia. Rapidly identifying patients at risk of EB is crucial for timely application of diagnostic techniques and empiric therapy. Early alert systems and rapid diagnostic techniques, such as matrix-assisted desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry, especially if used together with infectious disease consultation within bundles, appear to improve management and prognosis of EB. Echocardiography is also key in the work-up of EB and should probably be more extensively used, although its exact indications in EB are still debated. Multidisciplinary approaches are warranted due to the complexity and severity of EB.     

集束救治策略在急性阿维菌素重度中毒的应用分析

目的改进急性阿维菌素重度中毒的救治方法。方法应用集束救治策略抢救急性阿维菌素重度中毒25例,主要方法包括：①清水洗胃,甘露醇导泻,尿毒清排毒。②预防性气管插管,保护性机械通气。③床旁血液灌流治疗。结果本组患者经7—16d治疗,治愈24例（96．0％）,死亡1例（4．0％）。血液灌流1次19例,2次6例。治愈者机械通气时间3.3．11．4d。结论集束救治策略是抢救急性阿维菌素重度中毒有效的急救措施。     

集束治疗感染性休克的依从性及其对患者病死率的影响

目的了解临床医师集束治疗感染性休克患者的依从性及其对病死率的影响。方法记录2007年1—12月重症监护病房（ICU）连续收治的58例成人感染性休克患者6h集束治疗目标完成情况,并按是否完成集束治疗分为集束治疗组和未完成集束治疗组,比较2组患者的年龄、性别、感染部位、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间以及患者病死率。结果58例患者中,完成6h集束治疗的患者为22例,集束治疗依从性为37．9％（22／58）。与未完成集束治疗组相比,集束治疗组机械通气时间和住院时间明显缩短,差异具有统计学意义（t值分别为-2．225和-3．702,P值分别为0．037和0．001）。集束治疗组患者的病死率明显低于未完成集束治疗组（χ^2=10．236,P=0．000）。结论集束治疗能够降低感染性休克患者的病死率,临床医师应提高集束治疗的依从性。     

知-信-行理论在医院获得性肺炎集束预防策略依从性中的应用研究

目的：探讨应用知-信-行理论对护士执行预防医院获得性肺炎集束化策略依从性的影响。方法选取80名重症监护室护士分为对照组和观察组,观察组采用以知-信-行理论框架为基础,制定6周关于预防HAP集束策略的培训方案,对照组接受常规理论培训。采用自行编写的“临床护士应用集束策略预防医院获得性肺炎知信行调查问卷”、自我效能量表以及护士行为依从性调查记录表分别于培训前、培训后1个月比较两组的知信行问卷答题情况、自我效能量表的改变和执行预防HAP集束化策略的依从性。结果观察组在接受以知-信-行理论为框架的培训后1个月,在知信行问卷答题情况以及执行预防HAP集束化策略的依从性均明显优于对照组。结论采用以知-信-行理论为框架的培训方案可以提高护士执行预防HAP集束化策略的依从性。     

集束化干预策略在口腔科儿童全麻患者治疗中的应用价值分析

目的 探讨集束化干预策略在口腔科全麻患儿治疗中的应用价值。方法 选取2020年11月1日-2021年7月31日在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院就诊,需接受全身麻醉下口腔综合治疗的3～6岁患儿共60例患者为研究对象。随机分为干预组30例和对照组30例。两组患儿均在全身麻醉状态下行口腔综合治疗,干预组采用集束化干预策略,对照组采用常规干预策略。比较两组患儿儿科畏惧症、口腔健康知识、治疗情况、治疗效果、患者满意度。结果 干预组患儿术后改良中文版儿童牙科畏惧调查表(CFSS-DS)评分较对照组明显降低（P<0.001）;干预组术前准备时间较对照组减少,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;干预组术后口腔健康知识、信念改善较对照组显著（P<0.001）,干预组儿童刷牙及饮食习惯改善较对照组明显,且菌斑指数（plaque index,PLI）下降较对照组有统计学差异（P=0.01）;干预组护理满意度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 集束化干预策略能够有效缩短术前准备时间,提高全麻治疗效率;增加患儿舒适感,培养患儿口腔健康习惯及观念,提高患儿及监护人就诊满意度。     

Severe sepsis bundles

Sepsis is a complex syndrome with its wide spectrum of severity, and is one of the most common causes of death in Critical Care Units. The Surviving Sepsis campaign launched in 2004, is aimed at improving diagnosis, management and survival of patients with sepsis. Care bundles are a group of best evidence based interventions which when instituted together, gives maximum outcome benefit. Care Bundles are simple, uniform and have universal practical applicability. Surviving Sepsis campaign guidelines in 2008 incorporated two sepsis care bundles. The Resuscitation bundle includes seven key interventions to be achieved in 6-h while four interventions have to be completed within 24-h in the Management bundle. Compliance with a bundle implies achieving all the specified goals in that bundle. Limitations to care bundles include the quality of the evidence on which they are based, and that the relative contributions of each element of the bundle are not known. Several observational studies support the hypothesis that sepsis care bundles have an important role in improving outcomes from sepsis. Critical Care Units should develop management strategies to ensure compliance with the sepsis bundles in order to decrease hospital mortality due to severe sepsis.