脓毒症的诊断与治疗

近年来对于脓毒症及其并发症的认识和治疗研究有了很大进展,但严重的脓毒症、脓毒性休克的死亡率仍高达30%~50%,特别是真菌菌血症病死率高达50%。本文概述脓毒症的概念和诊断,着重从早期目标治疗、血管收缩药物的应用、抗生素的使用、控制感染源、肾上腺皮质激素的应用、机械通气策略、重组人活化蛋白C的应用、镇静剂和止痛剂及神经肌肉阻断剂的使用、脓毒症的辅助治疗和支持治疗等方面阐述脓毒症的治疗进展。希望能引起临床工作者对脓毒症的重视,提高脓毒症患者的生存率。     

应激对肠粘膜屏障功能影响的研究进展

应激状态下，各种神经、免疫、内分泌机制作用于肠上皮，导致肠粘膜屏障功能的改变，大分子抗原过多地进入固有层和粘膜下层，引发不适宜的免疫反应，进一步加剧了肠道炎症，成为慢性炎症性肠病发生和发展的重要因素。     

早产预测研究进展

早产是围生儿死亡的重要原因之一。近年来早产预测诊断标志有了进一步发展,除常规的B超和宫颈检查、自觉症状外,某些生化指标,如促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、免疫指标,白介素(IL-1、IL-6),胎儿纤粘连蛋白(fFN),人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)、宫颈阴道分泌物中胰岛样生长因子结合-1(LGFBP-1)等对预测早产也有一定价值。本文对这些方面进行综述。     

原发性肾病综合征中西医结合治疗探讨

肾上腺皮质激素是治疗原发性肾病综合征(PNS)的主要药物,其疗效已为临床实践所证实,但几乎与疗效同时出现的不良反应以及减量或撤除时所引起的症状反跳仍是一个严重问题[1]。为此,笔者近5 a来采用中西医结合方法治疗PNS患者取得较好效果,现将结果报道如上。1临床资料1·1一般资料60例均为门诊长期追踪的PNS患者。随机分为西药组30例,男21例,女9例,年龄14~56(24±1.2)岁;中西医合组(结合组)30例,男19例,女11例,年龄15~62(21±2.1)岁。临床表现:西药组血尿7例,结合组血尿6例,均为镜下血尿,2组肾功能正常。1·2诊断依据[1-2]①大量蛋白尿(>…     

化脓性脑膜炎的诊断与治疗

1概述 化脓性脑膜炎(purulent meningitis),简称化脑,是由化脓性细菌引起的中枢神经系统急性感染性疾病,好发于小儿时期,尤其婴幼儿期。该病病死率较高,存活者神经系统后遗症较多,为小儿时期严重感染性疾病之一。早期诊断和恰当干预是降低本病死亡     

胸部类癌

本文报道了３１例胸部类癌，其中胸腺类癌１４例，支气管类癌１７例，伴有异位ＡＣＴＨ综合征者１７例。１２例患者发生转移（３９％），２４例行原发肿瘤全部或部分切除，术后放疗或化疗或两者均有者１７例，４例仅行探查并取活检，２８例经手术及病理证实。     

Rapid effect of stress concentration corticosterone on glutamate receptor and its subtype NMDA receptor activity in cultured hippocampal neurons

Objective: To study the rapid effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on NMDA receptor activity in hippocampal neurons in stress and to elucidate its underlying probable membrane mechanisms. Methods: Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was used to assess the effect of stress concentration corticosterone (B) on the responses of cultured hippocampal neurons to glutamate and NMDA (N-methy-D-asparatic acid). To make clear the target of B, intracellular dialysis of B(10μmol/L)through patch pipette and extracellular application of bovine serum albumin-conjugated corticosterone (B-BSA, 10μmol/L)were carried out to observe their influence on peak amplitude of NMDA-evoked current. Results: B had a rapid, reversible and inhibitory effect on peak amplitude of GLU-or NMDA-evoked current in cultured hippoeampal neurons. Furthermore, B-BSA had the inhibitory effect on INMDA as that of B, but intraeeUularly dialyzed B had no significant effect on INMDA. Conclusion: These results suggest that under the condition of stress, GCs may rapidly, negatively regulate excitatory synaptic receptors-glutamate receptors (GluRs), especially NMDA receptor (NMDAR) in central nervous system, which is mediated by rapid membrane mechanisms, but not by classical, genomic mechanisms.