非电解微酸性次氯酸水对口腔印模喷淋消毒效果观察

目的 观察非电解微酸性次氯酸水喷淋消毒藻酸盐印模的效果,为实际应用提供参考。方法 采用模拟现场消毒试验方法,观察一种非电解微酸性次氯酸水对口腔印模的消毒效果。结果 用含150 mg/L有效氯的非电解微酸性次氯酸水喷淋消毒口腔印模,作用1.0 min,对口腔印模染菌载体上的白色念珠菌杀灭对数值为4.09;对印模染菌载体上的变异链球菌作用0.5 min,杀灭对数值为5.26。结论 非电解微酸性次氯酸水以喷淋方式对口腔印模进行消毒处置,可实现良好的消毒效果。     

桂枝茯苓丸联合真武汤治疗糖尿病肾病性水肿的临床观察

目的:观察桂枝茯苓丸联合真武汤治疗糖尿病肾病性水肿的临床效果。方法:从2018年8月-2019年6月在我院就诊的脾肾阳虚、水瘀互结型糖尿病肾病性水肿患者中选取66例进行研究,以随机抽签法分成两组,每组33例。对照组予以常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用桂枝茯苓丸联合真武汤治疗,比较两组治疗有效性及安全性。结果:观察组治疗总有效率96.97%(32/33),较对照组的81.82%(27/33)要高(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组在面浮肢肿、畏寒、腰膝酸痛、便溏方面的中医症候积分显著低于治疗前及对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:桂枝茯苓丸联合真武汤治疗脾肾阳虚、水瘀互结型糖尿病肾病性水肿效果显著,可快速有效减轻临床症状,安全性较好,值得推广。     

上海市率先实现全市农村自来水化和农户卫生厕所普及的历程回顾

农村生活饮用水和农村人畜粪便管理,都是社会发展过程中遗留下来的农村严重卫生问题,是传播疾病危害农民身体健康的重要危险因素。该文回顾总结了中华人民共和国成立后,上海市委、市政府根据国务院的统一部署,加强农村卫生防病工作,把农村改水(改造不安全的饮用水方式,为农民提供安全卫生饮用水)、改厕(改变农民用厕旧俗,普及符合粪便无害化处理的卫生厕所)作为为民办实事的重要工作,加强领导、加强宣传、依靠科学、依靠群众,经过数十年的艰苦努力,先后于1994年、2002年在全国率先完成全市农村改水、改厕任务,上海农村的556万人,98.7%饮用上安全卫生自来水,133万户农户,92.7%建造了无害化卫生户厕,实现了全市农村自来水化,农户卫生厕所基本普及。这是上海农村社会发展的巨大进步,这项造福于民的工作,再次体现了上海市委、市政府全心全意为人民服务的宗旨。     

呼吸机相关性肺炎应用一次性湿热交换器的预防效果研究

目的:研究分析应用一次性湿热交换器预防呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果。方法:选取重度颅脑外伤住院患者90例,全部患者均构建人工气道,以随机数字法将其划分成研究组与对照组,两组患者例数均为45例,研究组患者应用一次性湿热交换器,对照组患者应用常规湿化,对比分析两组患者1 h后气道内平均温度、湿化满意度、多重耐药菌感染率以及呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率。结果:和对照组相比较,研究组1 h后气道内平均温度(26.2±1.3℃)和湿化满意度(93.3%)均比较高,同时多重耐药菌感染率(4.4%)和呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率(2.2%)少,组间数据比较差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经研究结果的分析可知,对于机械通气患者应用一次性湿热交换器,可预防和减少呼吸机相关性肺炎和多重耐药菌感染的的发生,同时还可提高患者湿化满意度,有利于治疗效果和预后的改善,值得应用与推广。     

52例非机械通气人工气道患者气道湿化的护理体会

目的总结52例带有人工气道患者非机械通气时气道湿化的护理体会。方法持续气道加温湿化;充分补充水分,保证液体平衡;加强基础护理及心理护理;严密观察病情,准确评估湿化效果。结果 52例患者中有3例出现湿化过度,改为间断湿化。均无气道阻塞、出血、痰痂形成,湿化效果满意。结论对非机械通气人工气道患者气道湿化时采取正确的护理方法,可提高湿化效果,避免并发症的发生。     

关于现制现售水监管的几点思考

现制现售水作为直接出售的散装饮用水近年来逐渐被公众认可和接受,但其自身却存在监管滞后,评价标准不统一,自身定位不清晰等管理难点。作者从现制现售水的经营模式、水质安全、由谁监管,水质评价标准等各方面展开论述,指出存在的问题并提出相应解决对策,以期完善法律法规及卫生标准的制定,解决现制现售水监管中存在的困惑。     

PiCCO容量指标在感染性休克液体复苏中的临床应用

脉搏指示连续心输出量监测(Pi CCO)技术是一项经肺温度热稀释和动脉脉搏轮廓分析联合应用的新技术,近年来逐渐广泛应用于重症患者,尤其是感染性休克患者的血流动力学监测。与传统容量监测指标中心静脉压相比,其容量性指标胸腔内血容积指数、血管外肺水指数能更准确、可靠地反映患者的容量状态,从而实施精细、优化的液体管理,在改善感染性休克患者氧合、缩短机械通气时间、降低病死率方面展现出优势。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

八味黄连跌打水联合手法治疗肩周炎临床研究

目的:观察八味黄连跌打水联合手法治疗肩周炎的临床疗效及可行性。方法:将收治的156例肩周炎患者按照随机数字表法分为2组各78例。观察组及对照组均给予常规推拿手法治疗,观察组在以上治疗基础上给予八味黄连跌打水外敷治疗。治疗后比较2组关节活动度(ROM)评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及临床疗效,并对观察组进行辨证分型,观察各证型疗效。结果:临床疗效观察组总有效率98.7%,对照组83.3%,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);观察组ROM评分高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.01)。观察组八味黄连跌打水联合手法治疗对湿热型肩周炎患者的疗效优于其他证型患者,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.01)。结论:八味黄连跌打水联合手法治疗肩周炎能提高临床疗效,对湿热型肩周炎患者疗效更佳。