观察评判性护理干预对乳腺癌手术后患者疼痛和睡眠质量的影响

目的:观察评判性护理干预对乳腺癌手术后患者疼痛和睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2019年1月至2020年5月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院肿瘤内科收治的乳腺癌手术患者126例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组63例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予评判性护理干预。采用抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)比较2组患者干预前后抑郁、焦虑状态改善情况,采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)比较2组患者睡眠质量变化,同时观察2组患者并发症发生率、中度、重度疼痛患者所占比例。结果:干预后,观察组SAS评分、SDS评分显著低于对照组,观察组PSQI评分显著低于对照组,患者中度、重度疼痛比例降低,并发症发生率降低,观察组的干预效果优于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对乳腺癌患者手术后采用评判性护理,可有效缓解患者手术后疼痛程度,改善患者睡眠质量,降低患者焦虑及抑郁情绪,降低并发症发生风险,值得推广使用。     

首诊缺血性脑卒中病人出院准备度与出院后生活质量的相关性研究

目的探讨首诊缺血性脑卒中病人的出院准备度与出院后生活质量之间的相关性。方法便利抽样选取首次诊断为缺血性脑卒中的符合纳入标准的210例病人作为研究对象，使用成人版出院准备度量表（RHDS）和简明健康调查问卷（SF-36）对病人出院前4 h的出院准备度和出院后1个月的生活质量进行问卷调查。结果首诊为缺血性脑卒中病人的出院准备度总均分为（7.69±0.70）分，与国内其他研究相比处于中等水平；3个维度中适应能力维度平均得分最高为（8.12±1.04）分，预期性支持维度平均得分最低为（7.26±0.88）分；单因素分析结果显示性别、月收入、文化程度是影响首诊缺血性脑卒中病人出院准备度的影响因素（P < 0.01）；多元逐步回归分析结果显示文化程度是影响病人出院准备度的显著影响因子（b=0.218，95%CI:0.072~0.216，P < 0.01），文化程度越高者出院准备度越高；出院后1个月的生活质量得分为（91.86±14.26）分，Pearson相关分析结果显示出院准备度与生活质量呈正相关关系（r=0.843，P < 0.05）。结论首诊缺血性脑卒中病人的出院准备度有待进一步提高，临床医护人员并根据病人的文化程度不同给予有针对性的临床干预，提高其出院准备度，从而改善病人出院后的生活质量。     

Bone Metastases: From Mechanisms to Treatment

ObjectivesBone metastases are of high clinical relevance because they are a frequent complication of most types of common cancers, such as breast and prostate. The metastatic process is complex, requiring the completion of several different steps to allow successful dissemination and homing. In addition, preparation of the metastatic niche changes the constant cycle of bone matrix formation and degradation, leading to the clinical phenotypes of lytic and sclerotic lesions. We review our current knowledge on this topic and briefly explain the current treatment landscape of bone metastasis.Data SourcesThese include PubMed, international guidelines, and clinician experience.ConclusionBone metastases remain a clinical challenge that negatively impacts patients prognosis and quality of life. A comprehensive understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms that results in bone metastasis is the basis for successful treatment of affected patients. The disruption of bone matrix metabolism is already recognized as the prerequisite for metastasis formation, but many open questions remain that need to be addressed in future research to establish individually tailored treatment approaches.Implications for Nursing PracticePatient-centered therapy of bone metastases requires suitable pharmacological options, and importantly a holistic approach in care delivery across the multidisciplinary team. Nurses provide the cornerstone of the multidisciplinary team and provide the closest and the most frequent contact to the patient and their families to provide timely intervention. Nurses require a basic understanding of the complex physiology of metastasis to inform practice.     

血清及脑脊液胱抑素C与吉兰-巴雷综合征相关性的临床分析

目的 探讨胱抑素C(CysC)与吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)的临床相关性，比较血清和脑脊液中CysC值在GBS中的变化以及CysC含量变化与GBS病情轻重的关系。 方法 收集蚌埠医学院第一附属医院2015年12月-2018年2月收治的GBS患者30例作为GBS组，收集同期骨科、普外科因局麻手术需行椎管麻醉的患者30例作为对照组，收集2组血清及脑脊液CysC值及其他临床资料。 结果 ①GBS组与对照组脑脊液CysC比较，差异无统计学意义(P=0.450)。②2组血清CysC比较，GBS组较对照组升高，差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)；GBS组轻度与重度血清CysC比较，重度组较轻度组明显升高，差异有统计学意义(P=0.012)。③血清CysC与GBS患者Hughes评分呈正相关(r=0.759,P<0.001)，脑脊液CysC与GBS患者Hughes评分不相关(P>0.05)。④GBS患者Hughes评分与年龄、血清CysC、脑脊液蛋白呈正相关，与前驱事件呈负相关，与脑脊液CysC及性别不相关。⑤以Hughes评分为因变量，以前驱事件、血清CysC、脑脊液蛋白、年龄为自变量，结果发现血清CysC、脑脊液蛋白是Hughes评分的危险因素。 结论 血清CysC或许可以作为GBS患者病情严重程度的评价指标；血清CysC与脑脊液蛋白是GBS患者肢体瘫痪的危险因素。      

坎地沙坦酯联合氢氯噻嗪治疗中重度高血压的临床疗效比较

目的 分析中重度高血压应用坎地沙坦酯或贝那普利与氢氯噻嗪联合治疗的临床疗效情况。 方法 选择蚌埠医学院第二附属医院2016年6月—2018年7月诊治的86例高血压患者，按照随机数字表分成研究组(43例)与对照组(43例),对照组使用贝那普利(规格:10 mg*10片，开始剂量为每次5 mg，每日1次)联合氢氯噻嗪(规格:25 mg*100片，开始剂量为每次25 mg，每日1次)治疗，研究组予以坎地沙坦酯(规格:4 mg*14片，起始剂量每日1次，每次8 mg)结合氢氯噻嗪治疗，观察并比较2组患者血压、血钾与肾功能、不良反应情况。 结果 治疗前，2组血压指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；治疗后，2组舒张压、收缩压均有改善(P＜0.05)，且研究组舒张压(77.42±8.53)mm Hg、收缩压(121.31±15.84) mm Hg等血压指标改善情况显著优于对照组(P＜0.05)；研究组尿酸水平为(368.46±98.79)μmol/L，低于对照组的(412.36±102.14)μmol/L，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，研究组出现低血钾症、头痛等不良反应的概率(6.98%)明显低于对照组(23.26%)，比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 与贝那普利结合氢氯噻嗪相比，坎地沙坦酯与氢氯噻嗪结合应用对中重度高血压的疗效更佳，可明显控制血压水平，保护肾功能，且不良反应少。      

原发性卵巢非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例及相关文献复习

目的:探讨原发性卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的病因、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后。方法:报道1例原发性卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理资料及术后免疫组化结果，并阅读及复习国内外相关文献。结果:该例患者为（右）卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤，积极治疗后现考虑肿瘤复发。结论:原发性卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤罕见，确诊依赖于术后病理及免疫组化，预后不佳，常采用以手术为主，辅以化疗和放疗的综合治疗。     

张力平衡针法联合电针对脑卒中足下垂患者下肢功能及日常生活能力的影响

目的:研究张力平衡针法联合电针对脑卒中足下垂患者下肢功能及日常生活能力的影响。方法:选取我院2016年1月—2019年5月收治的脑卒中足下垂患者78例,根据随机数字表法分为两组,各39例。对照组给予电针疗法,治疗组在对照组基础上给予张力平衡针法,对比两组患者治疗前后的肌张力和CSI评分、足内翻角度和足下垂角度、Barthel指数评分和FMA评分、SF-36量表评分。结果:经治疗后,两组患者肌张力评分显著升高,CSI评分显著降低(P<0.05),且治疗组改善程度较大(P<0.05);两组患者足内翻角度和足下垂角度显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且治疗组降低程度较大(P<0.05);两组患者FMA评分和Barthel指数评分显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组升高程度较大(P<0.05);两组患者情感功能、生理功能和社会功能评分均显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),且治疗组升高程度较大(P<0.05)。结论:采用张力平衡针法联合电针治疗脑卒中足下垂能够改善日常生活能力及下肢功能,值得在临床上推广应用。     

The 2022 International Pancreas Transplant Registry Report—A Review

Over the last decades, the number of pancreas transplants has increased all over the world. Since the first pancreas transplant in 1966, patient and graft survival after simultaneous pancreas and kidney as well as after solitary pancreas transplantation have improved significantly. Patient survival at 1 year is >96% in all 3 recipient categories and pancreas graft survival is >90% for simultaneous pancreas and kidney and >86% for solitary transplants. For transplants performed between 2001 and 2010, with >10 years’ follow-up time, the half-life (50% graft function) was 13 years for simultaneous pancreas and kidney, almost 10 years for a pancreas after kidney transplant, and >6 years for a pancreas transplant alone. These excellent results are even more astonishing because more high-risk patients were transplanted. The main reasons for improvement in outcome were reductions in technical failures and immunologic graft losses. These decreases were due to better patient and donor selection, standardization of surgical techniques, and superior immunosuppressive protocols.