Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus inhibits behavioral deficits induced by sleep deprivation and chronic unpredictable mild stress via increased signaling of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor

The present study was undertaken to explore the interactions between sleep deprivation (SD) and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (SCF) treatment in the antidepressant‐like effects. We observed that SD aggravated the anxiety‐like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in the elevated plus maze test. However, the forced swimming test and sucrose preference test showed that SD (12 hr) alleviated the depressive symptoms and SD (72 hr) has the opposite effects. Administration of SCF showed a promising therapeutic effect on depression and anxiety induced by CUMS and SD. Moreover, SCF could potential strengthen the antidepressant‐like effects of SD (12 hr) according to the behavioral tests. In addition, the BDNF level in hippocampus was elevated by SD (12 hr) and SCF treatment and together with the upregulation of TrkB/CREB/ERK and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/mTOR signaling pathways. Besides, the protein levels of p70S6K and PSD95, which are downstream targets of mTOR, also increased by the treatment. These results indicated that the antidepressant‐like effect of SCF in the CUMS depends on the activation of BDNF and the modulation of TrkB/CREB/ERK and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/mTOR signaling cascades, and SD (12 hr) shared a common etiology consisting of complex bidirectional interactions with SCF.     

mTOR通路参与卵泡生长发育相关机制的研究进展

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通路负责调控细胞生长发育,对卵泡的调节起关键作用。mTOR通路上下游的相关基因和蛋白具有不同的作用,各种因素激活相关通路后,对卵泡的发育生长起到反馈或级联放大的作用,最终都可能引起卵泡的过度增殖或抑制,从而导致卵巢早衰。在中西医治疗卵巢早衰和调节卵泡发育过程中,其治病机制与mTOR通路关系密切。本文探讨mTOR通路参与卵泡生长发育的作用机制,并从调节信号通路的视角,对未来卵巢早衰的治疗进行展望。     

健脾化湿通络方对佐剂关节炎大鼠滑膜血管新生的影响

目的观察健脾化湿通络方对佐剂关节炎大鼠滑膜血管PI3K/AKT/m TOR信号通路及缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1α)、血管内皮细胞生长因子A(VEGF-A)、滑膜微血管密度(MVD)、内皮抑素(ES)的影响。方法 50只大鼠随机均分成5组:正常对照组,模型对照组,甲氨蝶呤组,雷公藤多苷片组,健脾化湿通络方组。除正常对照组外,其余各组均采用弗氏完全佐剂建立佐剂关节炎大鼠模型。造模成功后,各治疗组给予相应药物灌胃,连续30 d。采用免疫组化法检测滑膜血管MVD表达,酶联免疫吸附法检测血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10、HIF-1α、VEGF-A表达,免疫印迹法检测滑膜血管PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、m TOR、ES蛋白表达。结果与正常对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠足跖肿胀度、关节炎指数升高,滑膜组织MVD计数升高,血清IL-6、VEGF、HIF-1α和滑膜血管PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、m TOR、ES表达显著升高,IL-10降低(P0.05或P0.01)。与模型对照组比较,健脾化湿通络方组MVD计数和血清VEGF-A、HIF-1α、IL-6表达降低,滑膜PI3K、p-AKT、m TOR、ES降低,血清IL-10升高。结论健脾化湿通络方通过调节PI3K/AKT/m TOR通路、HIF-1α及ES表达改善滑膜血管新生。     

雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路介导转化生长因子-β2诱导的后发性白内障的分子机制研究

目的：探讨雷帕霉素靶蛋白（ mammalian target of rapamycin , mTOR）信号通路与转化生长因子（ transforming growth factor ,TGF）-β2诱导的晶状体上皮细胞间质化的相关机制。方法显微镜观察TGF-β2诱导的晶状体上皮细胞的表型变化,Western blot进一步验证TGF-β2诱导的HLEB-3上皮间质转化模型。 MTT检测TGF-β2诱导上皮间质化后以及雷帕霉素对细胞增殖的影响。 Western blot在分子水平检测上皮间质化和mTOR信号通路之间的机制关联。结果加入TGF-β2诱导处理24 h后,用显微镜观察HLEB-3的细胞形态由椭圆形变为星形或纺锤形,细胞连接减少。 Western blot检测发现TGF-β2诱导后的HLEB-3中上皮细胞标志蛋白E-cadherin表达水平明显降低,而间质细胞标记蛋白α-SMA的表达水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。 MTT检测发现雷帕霉素预处理可以抑制TGF-β2对上皮细胞增殖的促进作用。 Western blot显示当用雷帕霉素抑制mTOR信号通路的激活后,可以逆转TGF-β2对α-SMA的表达的上调作用,促进上皮细胞标志蛋白E-cadherin的表达。结论 mTOR信号通路介导TGF-β2诱导的上皮细胞间质化作用,促进后发性白内障的发生。     

Macrophage-derived SHP-2 inhibits the metastasis of colorectal cancer via Tie2-PI3K signals

This research aimed to explore the influence of Src homology-2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP- 2) on the functions of tyrosine kinase receptors with immunoglobulin and EGF homology domains 2 (Tie2)-expressing monocyte/macrophages (TEMs) and the influence of the angiopoietin(Ang)/Tie2-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (Ang/Tie2-PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway on the tumor microvascular remodeling in an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In vivo, SHP-2- deficient mice were used to construct colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis models. SHP-2-deficient mice had significantly more metastatic cancer and inhibited nodules on the liver surface than wild-type mice, and the high-level expression of p-Tie2 was found in the liver tissue of the macrophages’ specific SHP-2-deficient mice (SHP-2MACKO) + planted tumor mice. Compared with the SHP-2 wild type mice (SHP-2WT) + planted tumor group, the SHP-2MAC-KO + planted tumor group experienced increased expression of p-Tie2, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and MMP9 in the liver tissue. TEMs selected by in vitro experiments were co-cultured with remodeling endothelial cells and tumor cells as carriers. It was found that when Angpt1/2 was used for stimulation, the SHP-2MAC-KO + Angpt1/2 group displayed evident increases in the expression of the Ang/Tie2-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The number of cells passing through the lower chamber and the basement membrane and the number of blood vessels formed by cells compared with the SHP-2WT + Angpt1/2 group, while these indexes were subjected to no changes under the simultaneous stimulation of Angpt1/2 + Neamine. To sum up, the conditional knockout of SHP-2 can activate the Ang/Tie2-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in TEMs, thereby strengthening tumor micro angiogenesis in the microenvironment and facilitating CRC liver metastasis.     

SMG 1、mTOR和Raptor在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶相关激酶（PIKK）家族成员生殖器形成抑制基因1（SMG 1）、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）及mTOR调节相关蛋白（Raptor）在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法 收集2014年1月至2015年7月乳腺癌组织68例及配对癌旁组织40例和乳腺纤维腺瘤组织40例,采用免疫组化SP法检测以上组织中SMG 1的表达情况,实时定量PCR（QPCR）检测mTOR和Raptor的表达水平,分析3者表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系,并采用Spearman法分析3者表达的相关性。结果 乳腺癌组织中SMG 1的阳性表达率为27.9％（19／68）,低于癌旁组织的77.5％（31／40）和乳腺纤维腺瘤组织的82.5％（33／40）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;乳腺癌组织中mTOR和Raptor的相对表达量分别为2.754±0.213和4.137±0.626,均高于癌旁组织和乳腺纤维腺瘤组织（P＜0.05）。SMG 1表达与乳腺癌的肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移及组织学分级均有关（P＜0.05）,mTOR表达与乳腺癌的肿瘤大小、TNM分期及组织学分级均有关（P＜0.05）,Raptor表达与乳腺癌的肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移及组织学分级均有关（P＜0.05）;SMG 1表达与mTOR和Raptor表达呈负相关（r=-0.547、r=-0.415, P＜0.05）,mTOR和Raptor表达呈正相关（r=0.664, P＜0.05）。结论 乳腺癌组织中mTOR、Raptor呈高表达而SMG 1呈低表达,3者表达均与乳腺癌的肿瘤大小、组织学分级有关,提示PIKK家族成员SMG 1、mTOR和Raptor可能在乳腺癌发生、发展中具有重要意义。     

氨基酸转运载体2 (ASCT2)对胃癌细胞增殖的影响及其潜在机制

目的 研究氨基酸转运载体2 (amino-acid transporter 2,ASCT2)对胃癌发生发展的影响及其潜在调控分子机制。方法 使用瞬时过表达上调ASCT2,短发夹RNA (short hairpin RNA,shRNA)干扰技术下调ASCT2。Western blot法检测过表达或干扰ASCT2后蛋白质水平及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号通路的蛋白质水平变化;使用细胞荧光免疫检测过表达或干扰ASCT2后ASCT2和Ki67的表达情况;使用平板克隆与MTT法检测ASCT2对胃癌细胞增殖的影响。结果 相比于胃黏膜上皮细胞系GES1,ASCT2在人类胃癌细胞系MGC803、SGC7901、AGS、BGC823、HGC27、MKN28和MKN45中具有高转录以及蛋白质表达水平,在AGS、SGC7901和MGC803中成功过表达和沉默ASCT2。在AGS和SGC7901中过表达ASCT2后,Ki67的荧光强度大幅增加。沉默ASCT2显著抑制SGC7901 (P=0.008,P＜0.001)和MGC803(P＜0.001,P=0.067)细胞的生长及克隆形成;过表达ASCT2则显著促进SGC7901 (P=0.001,P=0.003)和MGC803 (P=0.002,P=0.014)细胞的生长及克隆形成。在AGS、SGC7901和MGC803中过表达ASCT2后,mTOR信号通路被激活并上调下游基因的表达;而沉默ASCT2后,抑制mTOR信号通路与其下游基因的表达。结论 ASCT2能通过mTOR信号通路显著促进胃癌细胞的生长。     

Sirolimus in blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome: A systematic review

The aim of this study is to review sirolimus as a treatment for blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome (BRBNS). A literature search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Google Scholar was conducted for publications reporting treatment of patients with BRBNS with sirolimus. Of 46 articles identified, 17 studies reporting 23 patients met inclusion criteria. Sirolimus was well tolerated in all but one patient who required treatment cessation; 17/18 patients noted an improvement in gastrointestinal disease where this was reported; 21/22 patients noted an improvement in cutaneous disease where this was reported. Based on these results, sirolimus may be considered a first‐line treatment of BRBNS depending on patient morbidity.     

益气活血方对心肌缺血大鼠Akt/mTOR信号通路的影响

目的依托大鼠心肌缺血模型,探讨蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Akt/m TOR)信号通路在心肌中的表达及益气活血方对其的作用机制。方法 SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组、培哚普利组、芪参益气滴丸组、益气活血方组和假手术组,结扎左冠状动脉前降支构建心肌梗死模型,术后第2天灌胃给药。以第7、28天为观测时间点。超声检测各组大鼠心脏功能和结构的变化,HE染色观察心肌病理形态改变,Western blot、RT-PCR法和免疫组化法检测大鼠心肌梗死区边缘Akt、m TOR及磷酸化表达水平。结果第7、28天,与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠心脏左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴率(LVFS)显著降低(P0.01),第7天模型组大鼠左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)显著升高(P0.01),第28天模型组大鼠LVESV和左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)显著增大(P0.01);与模型组相比,各给药组第28天LVEF、LVFS升高,LVEDV和LVESV显著降低(P0.01)。模型组梗死区边缘室壁变薄,心肌细胞数量减少,心肌细胞排列紊乱,炎性细胞浸润;各给药组梗死区边缘心肌细胞排列紊乱,心肌细胞数量减少。模型组磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)/Akt、磷酸化雷帕霉素靶蛋白(p-m TOR)/m TOR值增高(P0.05),Akt、m TOR mRNA表达显著增高(P0.01),p-Akt、p-m TOR阳性细胞率明显增高(P0.01);各给药组p-Akt/Akt、p-m TOR/m TOR比值增高(P0.05),Akt、m TOR m-RNA表达增强(P0.05或P0.01),各给药组均可明显提高pAkt、p-m TOR阳性细胞率水平(P0.05)。结论益气活血方能够改善心肌缺血大鼠心脏功能,可能通过激活心脏自我保护机制Akt/m TOR信号通路产生保护心肌细胞的作用。