The mandibular symphysis as a starting point for the occlusal-level reconstruction of panfacial fractures with bicondylar fractures and interruption of the maxillary and mandibular arches: Report of two cases

Panfacial fractures represent a challenge, even for experienced maxillofacial surgeons, because all references for reconstructing the facial skeleton are missing. Logical reconstructive sequencing based on a clear understanding of the correlation between projection and the widths and lengths of facial subunits should enable the surgeon to achieve correct realignment of the bony framework of the face and to prevent late deformity and functional impairment. Reconstruction is particularly challenging in patients presenting with concomitant fractures at the Le Fort I level and affecting the palate, condyles, and mandibular symphysis. In cases without bony loss and sufficient dentition, we believe that accurate fixation of the mandibular symphysis can represent the starting point of a reconstructive sequence that allows successful reconstruction at the Le Fort I level. Two patients were treated in our department by reconstruction starting in the occlusal area through repair of the mandibular symphysis. Both patients considered the postoperative facial shape and profile to be satisfactory and comparable to the pre-injury situation.     

Sliding contact fracture of dental ceramics: Principles and validation

Ceramic prostheses are subject to sliding contact under normal and tangential loads. Accurate prediction of the onset of fracture at two contacting surfaces holds the key to greater long-term performance of these prostheses. In this study, building on stress analysis of Hertzian contact and considering fracture criteria for linear elastic materials, a constitutive fracture mechanics relation was developed to incorporate the critical fracture load with the contact geometry, coefficient of friction and material fracture toughness. Critical loads necessary to cause fracture under a sliding indenter were calculated from the constitutive equation, and compared with the loads predicted from elastic stress analysis in conjunction with measured critical load for frictionless normal contact—a semi-empirical approach. The major predictions of the models were calibrated with experimentally determined critical loads of current and future dental ceramics after contact with a rigid spherical slider. Experimental results conform with the trends predicted by the models.     

Treating and management in acute Laugier's fracture: a case report

Laugier's fractures are rare because they are located deep in the elbow joint and are thus protected from any direct trauma. Laugier's fractures have been insufficiently described in the literature. Surgical treatment does not have an alternative, and timely diagnosis and surgical and physical therapy. We presented a case report of a 23 years' old man, sustained a Laugier's fracture in June 2012 after falling from motocycle (low energy trauma) and hit with his flexed elbow against the street.     

术前CT模拟指导俯卧位经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术的可行性分析

目的分析术前CT模拟指导俯卧位经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术的可行性。方法回顾性分析2017年1月-2019年1月河南省开封市中心医院收治的67例骨盆骨折损伤俯卧位行经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术患者的临床资料。男性38例,女性29例;年龄30~62岁,平均37.5岁;BMI 17.8~27.2kg/m^2,平均22.5kg/m^2。俯卧位行术前CT模拟指导经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术38例(CT模拟组),俯卧位行经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术29例(常规组)。比较两组患者置入螺钉数量、位置、长度与术前规划符合率,手术时间、术中透视时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间;比较两组患者术后6个月Majeed功能评分和并发症发生情况。结果CT模拟组患者置入螺钉数量和常规组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CT模拟组位置、长度与术前规划符合率均为100%,均分别高于常规组的83%和87%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=7.179,P=0.007;χ^2=5.657,P=0.017);CT模拟组手术时间、术中透视时间以及骨折愈合时间较常规组缩短,术中出血量降低[(77.9±12.6)min vs.(90.4±13.3)min、(6.5±0.8)s vs.(7.2±0.9)s、(3.2±0.5)个月vs.(3.5±0.6)个月、(86.8±17.1)m L vs.(97.8±18.3)m L],差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);术后6个月CT模拟组Majeed功能评分中疼痛、工作、坐、站立、性生活及总评分均高于常规组[(25.6±3.6)分vs.(23.6±3.3)分、(17.5±2.3)分vs.(16.3±2.2)分、(8.8±1.3)分vs.(8.1±1.2)分、(31.8±4.9)分vs.(29.4±4.5)分、(3.0±0.5)分vs.(2.8±0.5)分、(86.7±10.2)分vs.(80.2±9.8)分],差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);CT模拟组并发症发生率为0,低于常规组17%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.025)。结论术前CT模拟用于指导俯卧位经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术可提高置入螺钉位置、长度的精准率,还具有手术时间短、术中出血量和射线辐射少、骨折愈合快、螺钉植入准确率高、并发症发生率低等优点,是一种精确、安全、有效的影像学辅助手段。     

The Joint Occurrence of Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia (Osteosarcopenia): Definitions and Characteristics

ObjectivesWe sought to examine the associations of osteosarcopenia with physical performance, balance, and falls and fractures in community-dwelling older adults. Additionally, we aimed to determine which clinical outcomes are associated with specific components of osteosarcopenia.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and Participants253 participants (77% women; aged 77.9 ± 0.42 years) who presented for a falls and fractures risk assessment in Melbourne, Australia.MethodsParticipants were mobile, community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) free of cognitive impairment. Body composition (via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), physical performance [via Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)], and balance [via Four-Square Step test (FSS) and posturography] were examined. Falls in the past year and fractures in the past 5 years were self-reported. Osteosarcopenia was defined as (1) low bone mineral density (BMD) [T score <–1 standard deviation (SD)] combined with sarcopenia and (2) osteoporosis (BMD T score ≤–2.5 SD) combined with severe sarcopenia. For sarcopenia, we employed the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1), the revised criteria (EWGSOP2), and that of the Foundation for the National Institutes for Health (FNIH). Kruskal-Wallis and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsOsteosarcopenia was associated with worse SPPB, TUG, FSS, limit of stability, and falls and fractures history. Additionally, osteosarcopenia (using the severe sarcopenia classification) conferred an increased rate of falls [odds ratios (ORs) from 2.83 to 3.63; P < .05 for all] and fractures (ORs from 3.86 to 4.38; P < .05 for all) when employing the EWGSOP2 and FNIH definitions, respectively.Conclusions and ImplicationsCompared with the nonosteosarcopenic group, those with osteosarcopenia had greater impairment of physical performance and balance. The EWGSOP2 and FNIH criteria resulted in the strongest associations with physical performance and self-reported falls and fractures.     

骨化三醇治疗女性绝经后骨质疏松性髋部骨折的效果及对骨代谢水平、骨密度影响

目的:探讨骨化三醇治疗女性绝经后骨质疏松性髋部骨折的效果及对骨代谢水平、骨密度影响。方法:选取某院2017年1月~2018年1月收治的120例绝经后骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表方法分为治疗组和对照组各60例,对照组予以常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上予以骨化三醇口服,两组均治疗9个月,比较两组的骨痛情况、治疗前后的骨代谢水平[骨型碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、抗酒石盐酸性磷酸酶异构体(TRACP-5b)]及骨密度。结果:治疗组的疼痛分级明显优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组的BALP、TRACP-5b水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组的骨密度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:骨化三醇治疗绝经后骨质疏松性髋部骨折能够明显改善骨痛症状,提高骨密度及骨强度。     

股骨近端复杂骨折的PFNA治疗方法及应用效果研究

目的:研究PFNA治疗方案在股骨近端复杂骨折中的应用价值。方法:选择2015年7月~2017年4月某院接诊的股骨近端复杂骨折病患78例,并以数字抽签的方式将之随机分成A、B两组(n=39)。其中A组实施PFNA治疗,B组实施DHS治疗,观察两组手术治疗的效果,并对其作出比较。结果:A组治疗的总有效率为92.31%,明显比B组的69.23%高,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:积极采取PFNA治疗方案,对股骨近端复杂骨折病患进行施治,可促使其骨折创口的愈合,提高预后效果。