A systematic review of ecological momentary assessment studies of appetite and affect in the experience of temptations and lapses during weight loss dieting

Dietary temptations and lapses challenge control over eating and act as barriers toward successful weight loss. These are difficult to assess in laboratory settings or with retrospective measures as they occur momentarily and driven by the current environment. A better understanding of how these experiences unfold within real-world dieting attempts could help inform strategies to increase the capacity to cope with the changes in appetitive and affective factors that surround these experiences. We performed a narrative synthesis on the empirical evidence of appetitive and affective outcomes measured using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) during dieting in individuals with obesity and their association with dietary temptations and lapses. A search of three databases (Scopus, Medline, and PsycInfo) identified 10 studies. Within-person changes in appetite and affect accompany temptations and lapses and are observable in the moments precipitating a lapse. Lapsing in response to these may be mediated through the strength of a temptation. Negative abstinence-violation effects occur following a lapse, which negatively impact self-attitudes. Engagement in coping strategies during temptations is effective for preventing lapses. These findings indicate that monitoring changes in sensations during dieting could help identify the crucial moments when coping strategies are most effective for aiding with dietary adherence.     

The feasibility of daily monitoring in adolescents and young adults with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning

Background

It is unclear whether the limitations of young persons with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning preclude feasibility of the daily diary method.

Method

For 60 consecutive days, 50 participants (M_age = 21.4, 56% male) who receive care in an ambulatory, residential, or juvenile detention setting, self-rated both standardised and personalised diary questions through an app. Diary entries were used for feedback in treatment. Interviews were used to explore acceptability.

Results

Average compliance was 70.4%, while 26% of participants dropped out. Compliance was good in ambulatory (88.9%) and residential care (75.6%), but not in the juvenile detention setting (19.4%). The content of self-selected diary items varied widely. Participants deemed the method acceptable.

Conclusions

Daily monitoring is feasible for individuals with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning receiving ambulatory or residential care, and can provide scientists and practitioners with important insights into day-to-day behavioural patterns.     

太白贝母生产数值区划研究

本文在太白贝母的应用历史及现状调查的基础上，对其生态习性进行了文献调研和实地考察，以太白贝母分布区55个样点为分析基点，选取≥10℃积温、年平均气温、1月平均气温、1月最低气温、7月平均气温、7月最高气温、相对湿度、年均日照时间、年降水量、土壤类型等影响太白贝母生长发育的关键生态因子，再应用《中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统》（TCMGIS-II）对太白贝母（Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li）在全国的生态适宜区进行分析。研究结果表明，适宜产地主要分布于陕西、湖北、甘肃、重庆、四川、云南等省区。研究结果有助于太白贝母GAP规范化种植基地选择及川贝母资源的可持续利用。     

Daily association of stressors with perceived cognitive performance: Moderating role of age

Stress can elicit both positive and negative impacts on cognition. Less is known about whether and how daily stressors are associated with perceived cognitive performance in healthcare workers. We examined daily associations between stressors and perceived cognitive performance in nurses and whether these associations differed by age or nursing tenure. Using 14-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment, 60 inpatient nurses at a U.S. cancer hospital reported the frequency and severity of daily stressors (e.g., arguments, accidents). Each day, participants subjectively evaluated their mental focus, memory, and processing speed. Multilevel modelling examined the within- and between-person associations of daily stressors with cognitive performance. More stressors were associated with poorer perceived cognitive performance at both within- and between-person levels for both daily stressor frequency and severity. For moderation by age, the within-person stressor severity—cognitive performance relationship was only significant for nurses who were younger, but not for those who were older. Similarly, the within-person associations of daily stressor frequency and severity with cognitive performance were only significant for nurses with a shorter tenure. Findings suggest daily stressors may degrade perceived cognitive performance in nurses and the impact may be stronger for those who are younger or with less experience on the job.     

辽宁省林下山参生态适宜性与品质区划

目的：为了寻找辽宁省林下山参潜在分布区域，分析影响林下山参生态适宜性、品质适宜性的空间分异性的生态因子及其作用关系。方法：选取辽宁省33个栽培基地的林下山参，利用Maxent最大熵模型及ArcGIS进行生态适宜性区划，对7个指标和110个生态因子进行相关性分析，将显著相关的变量（P<0.05）建立偏最小二乘回归分析模型，利用层次分析法进行综合品质区划。利用地理探测器分别对显著影响生境适宜度、品质适宜度的空间分异性的主导生态因子及生态驱动因子之间的交互作用进行分析。结果：植被类型是对辽宁省林下山参适宜区域划分贡献率最高的生态因子。辽宁省林下山参生态适宜区主要位于西丰县至盖州市一线的东北部、东部和东南部。辽宁省林下山参综合品质以宽甸县、桓仁县为中心，分别向西北、西南逐渐递减。在已划定的区域内，林下山参的适生条件和综合品质的积累主要受到以辐射因子为主的辐射因子和降水因子的交互作用的影响。所测样品含量均远高于2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》标准，辽宁省林下山参整体品质较好。结论：根据区划预测结果，凤城市、岫岩县、庄河市、辽阳县、铁岭县、西丰县、盖州市、海城市、大石桥市等区域的部分地区潜...