Sirtuin‐6 deficiency exacerbates diabetes‐induced impairment of wound healing

Delayed wound healing is one of the major complications in diabetes and is characterized by chronic proinflammatory response, and abnormalities in angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Sirtuin family proteins regulate numerous pathophysiological processes, including those involved in promotion of longevity, DNA repair, glycolysis and inflammation. However, the role of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a NAD+‐dependent nuclear deacetylase, in wound healing specifically under diabetic condition remains unclear. To analyse the role of SIRT6 in cutaneous wound healing, paired 6‐mm stented wound was created in diabetic db/db mice and injected siRNA against SIRT6 in the wound margins (transfection agent alone and nonsense siRNA served as controls). Wound time to closure was assessed by digital planimetry, and wounds were harvested for histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. SIRT6‐siRNA‐treated diabetic wound showed impaired healing, which was associated with reduced capillary density (CD31‐staining vessels) when compared to control treatment. Interestingly, SIRT6 deficiency decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and proliferation markers in the wounds. Furthermore, SIRT6 ablation in diabetic wound promotes nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation resulting in increased expression of proinflammatory markers (intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β) and increased oxidative stress. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that loss of SIRT6 in cutaneous wound aggravates proinflammatory response by increasing NF‐κB activation, oxidative stress and decrease in angiogenesis in the diabetic mice. Based on these findings, we speculate that the activation of SIRT6 signalling might be a potential therapeutic approach for promoting wound healing in diabetics.     

Omarigliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: The estimated global prevalence of diabetes mellitus for adults aged 20-70 in 2015 was 415 million with approximately 90% of diagnosed cases being Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Improvements in lifestyle and effective therapies are key to management but due to the progressive nature of T2DM, pharmacotherapy is typically required. Whilst the initial therapy will usually be with metformin, thereafter treatment should be individualised, with consideration of several different second line options. These include the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, of which omarigliptin is the second once weekly version.

Areas covered: The paper summarises key pharmoacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features and reviews the efficacy and safety trial data of omarigliptin, a once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor.

Expert opinion: Omarigliptin results in a significant improvement in glycaemia with an effective once weekly pharmacokinetic profile and low risk of drug-drug interactions. It has equivalent efficacy to existing once daily DPP-4 inhibitors and shares a similar side effect profile. It is weight neutral with a significantly lower risk of hypoglycaemia compared with sulphonylureas. Adherence to prescribed medication is poor in patients with T2DM. Once weekly omarigliptin is a welcomed addition to the therapeutic armoury but whether it will improve compliance remains to be seen.     

电话随访对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇遵医行为及妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨电话随访对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇遵医行为及妊娠结局的影响。方法选择2013年10月~2014年10月在我院就诊的100例GDM孕妇,随机分为研究组和对照组,各50例。对照组采用常规护理。研究组在常规护理的基础上采用电话随访指导。比较两组遵医行为及各项临床参数和妊娠并发症。结果研究组遵医行为明显优于对照组;增重、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均控制在正常范围;妊娠期高血压、早产、巨大儿、羊水过多等妊娠并发症发生率均低于对照组,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论电话随访能帮助GDM孕妇提高遵医行为,较好地控制血糖,从而有效降低GDM孕妇并发症的发生。     

动吃两平衡换算工具对2型糖尿病患者教育效果的影响

目的探讨动吃两平衡换算工具对2型糖尿病患者教育效果的影响。方法将我院辖区内的128例2型糖尿病患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组65例和对照组63例。两组均进行糖尿病健康教育,观察组采用动吃两平衡换算工具加以指导。对照组采用常规方式进行健康教育。3个月后,观察两组各项指标及其教育依从性。结果干预后两组生化指标比较,观察组明显优于对照组,有显著性差异(P0.05),观察组依从性(除戒烟戒酒外)明显高于对照组,有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论采用动吃两平衡换算工具进行糖尿病健康教育指导,有利于糖尿病患者进行自我管理。