Inflammatory response of a prostate stromal cell line induced by Trichomonas vaginalis

While Trichomonas vaginalis, a cause of sexually transmitted infection, is known as a surface‐dwelling protozoa, trichomonads have been detected in prostatic tissue from benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis by immunoperoxidase assay or PCR. However, the immune response of prostate stromal cells infected with T. vaginalis has not been investigated. Our objective was to investigate whether T. vaginalis could induce an inflammatory response in prostate stromal cells. Incubation of a human prostate stromal myofibroblast cells (WPMY‐1) with live T. vaginalis T016 increased expression of the inflammatory chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2. In addition, TLR4, ROS, MAPK and NF‐κB expression increased, while inhibitors of TLR4, ROS, MAPKs and NF‐κB reduced CXCL8 and CCL2 production. Medium conditioned by incubation of WPMY‐1 cells with T. vaginalis stimulated the migration of human neutrophils and monocytes (THP‐1 cells). We conclude that T. vaginalis increases CXCL8 and CCL2 production by human prostate stromal cells by activating TLR4, ROS, MAPKs and NF‐κB, and this in turn attracts neutrophils and monocytes and leads to an inflammatory response. This study is the first attempt to demonstrate an inflammatory reaction in prostate stromal cells caused by T. vaginalis.     

chemokine/chemokine receptor pair ccL20/ccR6 in human colorectal malignancy:An overview

Chemokines belong to a superfamily of small, cytokinelike proteins, which induce multiple physiological functions, particularly cytoskeletal rearrangement and compartment-specific migration through their interaction with G-protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors have been widely acknowledged as essential and selective mediators in leukocyte migration in inflammatory response. It is now established that the chemokine/chemokine receptor system is also used by cancer cells to direct lymphatic and haematogenous spreading and additionally has an impact on the site of metastatic growth of different tumours. In recent years an increasing number of studies have drawn attention to CC-chemokine cysteine motif chemokine ligand 20(CCL20) and its physiological sole receptor CCR6 to play a role in the onset, development and metastatic spread of various gastrointestinal cancer entities. Among various cancer types CCR6 was also demonstrated to be significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer(CRC) and stimulation by its physiological ligand CCL20 has been reported to promote CRC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Further, the CCL20/CCR6 system apparently plays a role in the organ-selective liver metastasis of CRC. Here we review the literature on expression patterns of CCL20 and CCR6 and their physiological interactions as well as the currently presumed role of CCL20 and CCR6 in the formation of CRC and the development of liver metastasis, providing a potential basis for novel treatment strategies.     

Th17相关细胞因子和趋化因子在天疱疮发病中的作用

目的：探讨Th17相关细胞因子IL-6、IL-17、IL-21、IL-22、IL-23和趋化因子CXCL-8、CCL-5在天疱疮发病中的作用。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测天疱疮患者治疗前后、大疱性类天疱疮患者及健康对照者的Th17相关细胞因子和趋化因子水平,并分析天疱疮严重程度及其亚型中这些因子的表达水平。结果：共收集天疱疮患者31例,其中寻常型天疱疮18例,落叶型天疱疮7例,红斑型天疱疮6例。另选取明确诊断为大疱性类天疱疮初发患者15例及20名健康人作为对照。天疱疮组中Th17相关因子IL-6、IL-17、IL-21、IL-22、IL-23和趋化因子CXCL-8、CCL-5水平分别为(32.31±7.98)pg/mL,(17.00±4.53)pg/mL,(491.13±72.41)pg/mL,(150.91±23.32)pg/mL,(264.89±67.84)pg/mL,(27.91±10.79)pg/mL,(47.21±17.83)pg/mL明显高于健康对照组的(8.36±1.96)pg/mL,(8.41±1.36)pg/mL,(372.73±18.45)pg/mL,(93.78±9.47)pg/mL,(163.17±9.48)pg/mL,(8.89±4.13)pg/mL,(22.66±2.85)pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;天疱疮患者治疗后,IL-6、IL-17、IL-21、IL-22、IL-23和趋化因子CXCL-8水平较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.001）。IL-21在天疱疮组（491.13±72.41）pg/mL与大疱性类天疱疮组(559.58±78.56)pg/mL中差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其余因子差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;寻常型天疱疮、落叶型天疱疮及红斑型天疱疮患者的7种因子水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;IL-17、IL-21、IL-22、IL-23、CCL-5与疾病严重程度有关（P＜0.05）。结论：Th17相关的细胞因子和趋化因子可能与天疱疮的发病和疾病严重程度有关。     

骨桥蛋白和趋化因子受体4在卵巢肿瘤组织中的表达及其意义

目的:分析骨桥蛋白(OPN)和趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)在不同卵巢组织中的表达,探讨二者在卵巢癌的发生、发展和转移过程中的作用。方法:选取正常卵巢组织(20例)、卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤组织(20例)和上皮性卵巢癌组织(40例),采用免疫组织化学SP法检测不同卵巢组织中OPN和CXCR4表达,分析不同临床特征上皮性卵巢癌组织中OPN蛋白和CXCR4蛋白表达率。结果: OPN在上皮性卵巢癌组织的阳性表达率高于在正常卵巢组织和良性卵巢肿瘤组织表达率,不同分化程度(G₁、G₂和G₃期)上皮性卵巢癌组织阳性表达率组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅲ-Ⅳ期上皮性卵巢癌组织中OPN阳性表达率明显高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期组(P<0.05),在不同组织学分型上皮性卵巢癌组织(卵巢浆液性囊腺癌、卵巢黏液性囊腺癌和卵巢子宫内膜样癌)中OPN阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CXCR4在正常卵巢组织及卵巢良性肿瘤组织中均无阳性表达,在上皮性卵巢癌组织中呈阳性表达。CXCR4在上皮性卵巢癌不同病理分级(高分化G₁、中分化G₂和低分化G₃)、不同临床分期(Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、Ⅲ-Ⅳ期)、不同组织学分型(浆液性囊腺癌、黏液性囊腺癌和子宫内膜样癌)组织中阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:OPN和CXCR4在卵巢肿瘤 细胞中表达水平与肿瘤细胞的恶性程度具有一定关联,提示OPN和CXCR4表达通路可能成为卵巢癌治疗的一个新靶点。