甲状腺再次手术胸锁乳突肌内侧缘入路与颈白线入路手术方式的比较

目的探讨甲状腺再次手术胸锁乳突肌内侧缘入路与颈白线入路手术方式的比较。方法选择甲状腺疾病再手术的患者共108例,根据手术入路方法分为研究组(n=50)和对照组(n=58),研究组采用胸锁乳突肌内侧缘入路,对照组采用颈白线入路。观察两组手术总时间、显露甲状腺的时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、术后并发症发生情况等。结果研究组显露甲状腺时间显著早于对照组,手术总时间、术中出血量显著低于对照组,差异均有显著性(P0.05)。两组住院时间无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者术后均未出现严重并发症。结论对于甲状腺再手术的患者采用胸锁乳突肌内侧缘入路可获得相对较清晰的解剖层次,出血少,手术时间短,值得临床推广。     

How can the assessment of fistula-in-ano be improved?

PURPOSE. Fistula-in-ano anatomy and its relationship with anal sphincters are important factors influencing the results of surgical management. Preoperative definition of fistulous track(s) and the internal opening play a primary role in minimizing iatrogenic damage to the sphincters and recurrence of the fistula. METHODS. Physical examination and endoanal ultrasound (performed with a 10 MHz endoprobe), either conventionally or with an injection of hydrogen peroxide, were performed in 26 consecutive patients. Results were matched with surgical features to establish their accuracy in preoperative fistula-in-ano assessment. RESULTS. Accuracy rates of clinical examination endoanal ultrasound, and hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound were 65.4, 50, and 76.9 percent for primary tracks, 73.1, 65.4, and 88.5 percent for secondary tracks, and 80.8, 80.8, and 92.3 percent for horseshoe extensions, respectively. Compared with physical examination and endoanal ultrasound, accuracy of hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound was higher for transsphincteric and intersphincteric primary tracks and horseshoe extensions. Both endoanal ultrasound and hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound displayed a significantly higher accuracy in detecting the internal openings (53.8 and 53.8 percent, respectively) compared with clinical evaluation (23.1 percent;P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS. Our data suggest that hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound can be very reliable and useful in the definition of fistula anatomy, its relationship with anal sphincters, and, hence, surgical strategy. It also improves identification of secondary extensions, particularly horseshoe tracks. This method, besides being safe, economic and reputable, both preoperatively and postoperatively, could be helpful in checking operative results and recurrence.Presented at The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons' 100^th Anniversary and Tripartite Meeting, Washington, D.C., May 1 to 6, 1999.     

A systematic review of the anatomical findings of multiple gallbladders

Background

Multiple gallbladders (MG) are a rare malformation, with no clear data on its clinical impact, therapeutic indications or risk for malignancy.

A modified single-loop reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy reduces severity of postoperative pancreatic fistula in high-risk patients

Background

Double-loop (DL) reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), diverting pancreatic from biliary secretions, has been reported to reduce rates and severity of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) compared to single loop (SL) reconstruction at the price of prolonged operative duration. This study investigated the feasibility of a new reconstruction method combining the advantages of DL with the simplicity of SL in patients with high-risk pancreas.

Outcomes of liver-first strategy and classical strategy for synchronous colorectal liver metastases in Sweden

Background

Patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (sCRLM) are increasingly operated with liver resection before resection of the primary cancer. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes in patients following the liver-first strategy and the classical strategy (resection of the bowel first) using prospectively registered data from two nationwide registries.

实时超声造影和融合影像导航下微波消融与手术治疗小肝癌患者疗效比较*

目的 研究实时超声造影和融合影像导航技术下微波消融与手术治疗小肝癌患者的疗效。方法 2013年12月～2016年12月我院收治的142例原发性肝癌患者被随机分为两组,每组71例。对观察组患者实施实时超声造影和融合影像导航下微波消融治疗,给予对照组实施外科手术切除治疗。采用酶速率法测定血清α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)水平,采用ELISA法测定血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平,采用免疫放射法测定血清糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平。结果 在术后3个月,观察组肿瘤完全消融率为93.8%,对照组完全切除率达100.0%(P>0.05);两组血清AFP、AFU和CA19-9水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后,观察组肺部感染、胆漏、皮肤切口感染、腹腔或胸腔积液等并发症发生率为4.2%,显著低于对照组的25.3%(P＜0.05);随访3～36个月(中位随访18个月),观察组累积生存率为73.2%(52/71),对照组为71.8%(51/71),两组差异无统计学意义(Log-rank值=0.086,P=0.763)。结论 在实时超声造影联合融合影像导航技术支持下行微波消融治疗小肝癌患者,疗效与手术切除相当,但并发症更少,值得临床积极开展和验证。     

The whole nine yards: multiple cardiac surgical and percutaneous interventions in a patient during 30 years of care

A 38-year-old man underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery for angina pectoris following myocardial infarction. During the following 28 years, he required two repeat coronary artery bypass graft surgical procedures, nine percutaneous coronary interventions and 17 coronary angiograms. His treatment included saphenous vein, left internal mammary artery and gastroepiploic artery grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and intragraft thrombolytic therapy, directional coronary atherectomy, cutting balloon angioplasty, intracoronary stenting with bare-metal and drug-eluting stents, treatment for in-stent restenosis, stenting of the left main and circumflex coronary arteries and saphenous vein graft as well as intracoronary pressure wire diagnostics. In addition to his statin therapy, antiplatelets and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, he also underwent biventricular automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation and atrioventricular node radiofrequency ablation for his impaired left ventricular function, ventricular tachycardia and rapid atrial fibrillation. The present unusual case represents almost 'the whole nine yards' of treatment that has become available to patients with coronary artery disease during the past 30 years of technological development.     

结肠损伤的外科诊治分析

目的总结结肠损伤的临床特点,探讨结肠损伤的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析52例结肠损伤患者的临床资料。结果52例中31例急诊剖腹探查明确诊断,Ⅰ期肠修补或切除吻合术39例,Ⅱ期肠造瘘术或肠外置术3例,发生肠瘘2例,死亡5例。结论早期诊断、及早手术是结肠损伤治疗的关键。结肠损伤Ⅰ期手术安全可靠,但须掌握其适应证。     

Short-term prophylaxis with cefotaxime in colorectal surgery

In a controlled, randomized study the effect of penicillin and streptomycin on postoperative septic complications in colorectal surgery (penicillin, 2 ml, IU, intramuscularly, three times daily for a period of six days and concomitantly streptomycin, 0.5 gm, intramuscularly, two times daily for a period of four days) was compared with the effect of cefotaxime, 2 gm, intravenously, three times on the day of surgery. One hundred patients completed the study: 48 were treated with penicillin and streptomycin (Group 1) and 52 with cefotaxime (Group 2). Wound infection occurred in one patient (2.1 percent) in Group 1, but not in Group 2 (0%, N.S.). Rupture of the wound occurred in one patient in each group (2.1 percentvs. 1.9 percent, N.S.). Insufficiency of the anastomosis occurred in four patients in Group 1 (8.3 percent) and in one patient in Group 2 (1.9 percent). It is concluded that short-term prophylaxis with cefotaxime is as effective as long-term prophylaxis with penicillin and streptomycin.     

Failure of a meta-analysis on the role of elective surgery for left colonic diverticulitis in young patients

Background The timing of elective surgery of colonic diverticulitis in young patients remains controversial. The present meta-analysis aimed to answer the question whether these patients should be operated after the first attack or, more classically, after the second attack. Materials and methods Electronic databases were searched for papers reporting the results of surgery according to the strategies. Major endpoint was the performance of a colostomy (during unplanned surgery or for anastomotic dehiscence complicating elective surgery). Results Fifteen papers were selected for potential inclusion in the meta-analysis. But, eventually, only three papers gave information about the timing of surgery. Pooling the data of these 3 studies showed that 160 patients underwent elective surgery after the first attack and only 5 patients underwent subsequent emergent surgery at the course of their disease. Hence, no meta-analysis could be performed. Conclusion Researchers should no longer attempt (like us) to answer this question by any meta-analysis. The failure of the present meta-analysis highlights the limitations of evidence-based surgery in some particular fields.