噬菌体法检测宿主菌的侵染条件研究

目的初步建立一种确定寄生菌被完全侵染的方法。方法以细胞噬菌体T4（简称T4）侵染大肠杆菌为模型，通过3种方法测定不同滴度的T4在5min内侵染模拟样品中大肠杆菌的效果。结果在T4〉1．00×10^8PFU／mL的条件下侵染后，样液在培养中吸光度逐渐下降；在同样条件下侵染并清洗掉游离T4后，样液经平板培养无菌落产生，经液体培养不变混浊，并产生少量T4。结论采用1．0×（10^8-10^9）PFU／mL的T4能够在5min内有效而完全侵染模拟样品中大肠杆菌。     

COPD 合并营养不良动物实验研究进展

正慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种呈持续进行性发展,以气流受限为特征,可以预防和治疗的疾病,表现为气流受限的不完全可逆。根据WHO组织公布的数据,2012年,慢阻肺位居全球死亡原因的第3位,死亡人数在310万。根据2011年全球COPD防治(GOLD)执行委员会颁布的COPD新概念:COPD急性加重和合并症对患者整体疾病的严重程度的影响,即COPD的肺外反应,也应被重视。而营养不良作为COPD常见的肺外反应之一,随着COPD气道阻塞的严重程度,其发病率也呈逐步升     

Dual diagnosis and psychosocial interventions—Introduction and commentary

Treatment of patients with concurrent mental illness and substance abuse represents a challenge to the traditional treatment systems. This article gives: 1) an introduction of the concept and frequency of dual diagnosis (DD), 2) a presentation and discussion of the latest guidelines on DD treatment, 3) status on the current situation in the DD field in Denmark, and 4) potentials for future research. The article is based on systematic examination of evidence-based research and popularized latest guidelines on DD treatment. Methodologically, both treatment and research is challenged by the diversity in DD combinations. Although integrated treatment with the inclusion of cognitive–behavioural therapy, motivational interviewing and family intervention in DD treatment show promising results, it remains to establish which treatment programme is the most qualified in improving mental health and reducing substance use. A future priority is the development of DD treatment that targets specific co-morbid combinations and treatment needs.     

Effects of atmosphere of incubation on recovery of bacteria and yeasts from blood cultures in Tryptic soy broth

A comparison was made of the results of blood cultures between 1974 and 1981 in unvented and transiently vented bottles of Tryptic soy broth under vacuum with CO2. A total of 14,646 isolates were available for statistical analysis. Significantly more isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Neisseria, and Candida were recovered from the vented bottle. Significantly more isolates of Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Flavobacterium, Moraxella, Bacteroidaceae, and Peptostreptococcus were recovered from the unvented bottle.     

Subcellular localization and properties of alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes

A new rapid assay for inorganic pyrophosphatase has been developed and the procedure optimised for measurement of the enzyme in human neutrophils. Kinetic studies showed that the activity was optimal at pH 8.0 and was activated by Mg2+. No neutral or acid pyrophosphatase was detected. Neutrophils were homogenised in isotonic sucrose and, after low speed centrifugation the intracellular localization of pyrophosphatase was determined by analytical subcellular fractionation with sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Pyrophosphatase was shown to have a dual localization to mitochondria and cytosol. No activity could be attributed to either the endoplasmic reticulum or alkaline phosphatase-containing granules (phosphasomes). Inhibitor studies clearly show that the cytosolic and mitochondrial pyrophosphatases are due to distinct enzymes. Neutrophils were isolated from control subjects, patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia and subjects in the third trimester of pregnancy. The specific activity (mU/mg protein) of pyrophosphatase, in contrast to that of alkaline phosphatase was similar in the three groups. Levamisole, a potent inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase had no effect on pyrophosphatase activity, confirming that this activity is not attributable to neutrophil alkaline phosphatase.     

肺叶切除术后呼吸训练法的应用研究

目的：通过对肺叶切除术后患者进行呼吸训练的研究，寻求一种简单、安全、有效的呼吸训练方法。方法：对120例肺叶切除患者。随机分为A、B两组，分别用深呼吸训练法和吹气球呼吸训练法进行术后呼吸训练，观察患者肺活量的变化、血气分析结果、肺复张情况及其并发症、自觉症状等。结果：A、B两组各项观察指标比较行显著差异，B组优于A组。结论：吹气球呼吸训练法对改善肺叶切除术后患者的呼吸功能、促进肺复张、减少并发症、提高生活质量等方面效果显著。     

Lewy小体型痴呆研究进展

Lewy小体型痴呆是一种具有临床和病理特征的神经精神疾病。现就本病的研究进展作一综述。     

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Poststroke Epilepsy: A Population-Based Nationwide Study

Objective

To investigate the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on poststroke epilepsy in a population-based nationwide study.

基于研究性学习的《护理科研设计》教学改革和实践

目的 探讨以研究性学习为基础的《护理科研设计》教学改革效果.方法 2006年起在2003级114名护理本科生的《护理科研设计》教学中改革教学方法,以科学研究的基本步骤为主线设置授课进度,各研究小组在教师的指导下同步实施专题研究.课后进行成绩分析,将2003级期末考试成绩与按传统方法教学的2002级学生期末考试成绩进行对比分析.同时采用教师评价与学生自评相结合的方法对以研究性学习为基础的《护理科研设计》教学改革效果以研究小组为评价单位进行评价.结果 2002级学生成绩为（83.6±7.3）分,2003级学生的成绩为（92.0±6.7）分,经t检验,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,改革后的学生期末考试成绩明显高于未进行课程改革的2002级学生.对2003级学生研究性学习实验成绩,教师评价优良率为94%,学生自我评价优良率为94%.结论 基于研究性学习的《护理科研设计》课程教学改革,在完成课程教学目标的基础上,提高了教学质量,可创造性地发展学生的科研能力.