山东省新型农村合作医疗基金管理使用现状及对策分析

通过结合数据研究山东省新农合基金管理和使用的现状,分析取得的成绩与存在的不足,提出相应的可行性建议,这些建议对于推进新农合工作健康持续发展具有一定的指导作用。     

健康类纸质报刊如何应对新媒体冲击

新兴的多媒体数字技术正日益影响人们的生活,传统报媒正面临由于新媒体的快速发展带来的巨大挑战。尤其是健康类专业报刊面临的挑战是最大的,既同其他纸质媒体一样面临新媒体的挑战,还要应对纸质综合性媒体的竞争。如何应对新媒体的冲击,是目前健康类专业报刊所面临的最大课题。本文认为,健康类报刊应突破现有的运作思维模式,把握新闻和信息传播的关键因素,扬长避短,在充分发挥自己的品牌、资源等优势基础上,努力构建不可替代的科学性和权威性兼具公信力的特质,才能立于不败之地。     

新农合住院支付方式改革现状及问题分析

在深化医药卫生体制改革过程中,新农合进行了较大范围的住院支付方式改革探索,并形成了三种主要方式：单病种限额管理、单病种定额付费和按床日付费。目前的支付方式改革在控制医疗费用不合理上涨方面已取得一定成效;但同时也存在一些问题,表现为控费效果不明显、医疗质量监管和评估体系设计不足、付费标准制定不科学,医疗机构补偿不到位等。对此,提出建立住院混合支付方式、加强质量监管、探索科学的付费标准制定方法、完善补偿机制、建立双向转诊制度的对策建议。     

农民参合视角下新型农村合作医疗可持续发展研究——基于中西部地区7省10县的农户调查

目的：了解中西部地区新农合可持续发展现状。方法：利用中西部地区7省10县的农户调查数据,运用描述统计分析和logistic回归分析方法进行了实证研究。结果：中西部地区农民三年持续参合率为95．7％,未来意愿参合率为79．9％,47．9％的农民了解新农合的相关内容,19．3％的农民认为住院报销起到了非常大的作用。Logistic回归结果表明,农民参合行为与年龄、职业、家庭规模、健康状况、新农合了解程度、补偿比等变量有关。结论：中西部地区农民持续参合率较高,但是部分人员参合意愿并不高;农民对新农合的了解程度相对偏低;中西部地区新农合住院补偿水平相对偏低。建议：进一步提高新农合住院补偿比,兼顾起付线和封顶线的同步调整,保持不同机构之间的平衡关系;加强政策宣传和简化政策设计。     

新农合支付制度改革应注意的几个问题

支付制度改革是我国新型农村合作医疗管理的重要内容。通过对我国新农合支付制度改革中有关支付方式选择、支付标准的确定、定点医疗机构监管等几个方面的问题进行深入的分析与讨论,认为在支付制度改革时应处理好几个关系,包括费用控制与质量保证、服务监管与激励机制、费用控制与需求调节等,以保证支付制度改革目标的实现。     

局部应用氟保护漆对群体儿童乳牙龋防治的观察

目的:了解氟保护漆对群体儿童乳牙龋齿的防治效果,为口腔卫生保健工作提供参考依据。方法:在柳州市城区分别选择6所幼儿园的2 463名在园儿童进行连续3年的实验观察,并随机将其分成A、B两组,A组每年进行1次口腔检查及每6个月一次的口腔局部使用氟保护漆;B组只每年进行1次口腔检查。采用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计分析,以龋病发病率和新增龋面均作为统计指标。结果:24个月后,A组较B组龋病发病率及新增龋面均均下降,其中A组儿童乳牙新增龋面均较B组下降了55.96%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:氟保护漆可有效预防群体儿童乳牙龋的发生。     

“年轻护士素质提高行动”实施体系的构建与实践

目的：建立年轻护士规范化培训体系,评价其在“年轻护士素质提高行动”实施过程中的实践效能。方法采用整群抽样的方法,以无锡市二院2010年10月-2011年12月新招聘的202名新毕业护士为培训对象,根据培训目标制定系统的规范化培训方案,通过设立多个培训基地,采取阶段量化培训、全程“夜自习”管理、一对一导师带教以及实境培训和情景模拟相结合的方式,强化年轻护士的基本理论、基本知识、基本技能和提高人际沟通能力,培养敏锐的临床观察力和评判性思维能力,并对规培计划完成情况及培训效果进行评价与考核。结果通过实施“年轻护士素质提高行动”,促进了202名年轻护士自我效能感和核心能力的培养,自我效能感培训后（2．69±0．40）分显著高于培训前（1．73±0．51）分,差异有统计学意义（t＝3．59,P＜0．01）;护士核心能力培训后的护士总得分（137．21±25．42）分较培训前（118．53±19．28）分上升,差异有统计学意义（t＝5．87,P＜0．01）;理论与技能成绩分别从培训前的（81．18±6．12）,（81．58±3．22）分上升到培训后的（89．36±4．34）,（87．98±5．52）分,差异均有统计学意义（ t分别为3．37,2．86;P＜0．01）;护理综合满意度从2011年的院87．6％显著上升至2012年的94．95％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5．86,P＜0．01）;通过实施情景模拟教学,普遍提升了年轻护士的临床综合能力。结论“年轻护士素质提高行动”实施体系通过精心设计、合理实施,科学评价,能够提高年轻护士的综合能力,是一种值得推广应用的培训方法。     

Spiritual and religious identities predict the use of complementary and alternative medicine among US adults

Objective

To determine whether spiritual and religious identities predict complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use above and beyond other known influences such as gender, region of residence, social status, personality, health, and access to conventional medicine.

Methods

Analyzing data from the 1995-1996 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (n = 3032), this study examines the correlations between four aspects of spirituality/religiousness—i.e., spiritual only, religious only, both spiritual and religious, and neither spiritual nor religious—and six measures of CAM.

Results

Compared with spiritual only persons, the odds of using energy therapies are 86% lower for spiritual and religious persons, 65% lower for religious only persons, and 52% lower for neither spiritual nor religious persons. Compared to spiritual only persons, spiritual and religious individuals are 43% more likely to use body-mind therapies in general; however, when this category does not contain prayer, meditation, or spiritual healing, they are 44% less likely. Religious only individuals are disinclined toward CAM use.

Conclusions

After controlling for established predictors including educational attainment, personality, social support, and access to conventional medicine, the present study demonstrates that spirituality and religiousness are associated, in unique ways, with CAM use. Additional research on this topic is clearly warranted.     

The impact of new vaccine introduction on the coverage of existing vaccines: A cross-national,multivariable analysis

Background

A surge of new and underutilized vaccine introductions into national immunization programmes has called into question the effect of new vaccine introduction on immunization and health systems. In particular, countries deciding whether to introduce a new or underutilized vaccine into their routine immunization programme may query possible effects on the delivery and coverage of existing vaccines. Using coverage of diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis (DTP) vaccine as a proxy for immunization system performance, this study aims to test whether new vaccine introduction into national immunization programs was associated with changes in coverage of three doses of DTP vaccine among infants.

Methods and findings

DTP3 vaccine coverage was analyzed in 187 countries during 1999–2009 using multivariable cross-national mixed-effect longitudinal models. Controlling for other possible determinants of DTP3 coverage at the national level these models found minimal association between the introduction of Hepatitis-, Haemophilus influenzae type b-, and rotavirus-containing vaccines and DTP3 coverage. Instead, frequent and sometimes large fluctuations in coverage are associated with other development and health systems variables, including the presence of armed conflict, coverage of antenatal care services, infant mortality, the percent of health expenditures that are private and total health expenditures per capita.

Conclusions

Introductions of new vaccines did not affect national coverage of DTP3 vaccine in the countries studied. Introductions of other new vaccines and multiple vaccine introductions should be monitored for immunization and health systems impacts.     

The pervasive effects of racism: experiences of racial discrimination in New Zealand over time and associations with multiple health domains

Self-reported experience of racial discrimination has been linked to a range of health outcomes in various countries and for different ethnic groups. This study builds on previous work in New Zealand to further investigate the prevalence of self-reported experience of racial discrimination by ethnicity, changes over time and associations with multiple health measures. The study uses data from the 2002/03 (n=12,500) and 2006/07 (n=12,488) New Zealand Health Surveys, nationally representative population-based surveys of adults (15+ years). Reported experience of racial discrimination was measured in both surveys and covered 5 items: experience of an ethnically motivated physical or verbal attack; and unfair treatment because of ethnicity by a health professional, in work, or when gaining housing. Ethnicity was classified as Maori, Pacific, Asian or European. Health indicators included measures of: mental health (SF36 mental health scale, psychological distress, doctor diagnosed mental health condition); physical health (self-rated health, SF36 physical functioning scale, cardiovascular disease); and health risk (smoking, hazardous drinking, excess body fat). Logistic regression was used to examine changes in prevalence of reported experience of racial discrimination over time and associations with health. Reported experience of racial discrimination increased between 2002/03 (28.1% ever) and 2006/07 (35.0% ever) among Asian peoples but remained largely unchanged for other ethnic groupings (Maori 29.5%, Pacific 23.0%, European 13.5%). Experience of racial discrimination was associated with all negative health measures except excess body fat. Where there were significant associations, a dose-response relationship was also evident. We conclude that racial discrimination experienced across a range of settings has the potential to impact on a wide range of health outcomes and risk factors. While ongoing research is needed to understand the multifarious nature of racism and the pathways by which it leads to poor health, it is feasible to monitor experiences of racial discrimination in national surveys.