教育干预对小儿肾病综合征自我护理能力和治疗效果的影响

目的 探讨教育干预对小儿肾病综合征自我护理能力和治疗效果的影响.方法 选取2015年11月至2016年7月本院收治的小儿肾病综合征患者68例,给予对照组患儿常规肾病综合征护理措施,实验组患儿在对照组护理方案基础上施加教育干预.采用欧洲肾病综合征自我护理行为量表对患儿自我护理能力进行评价,对两组患儿的治疗效果进行评价并分析.结果 经过护理干预后,实验组患儿治疗有效率显著高于对照组(94.1％比2.4％,P＜0.05);护理干预前肾病综合征自我护理行为量表得分两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),干预后实验组患儿量表得分降低明显(P＜0.05).结论 针对小儿肾病综合征患者治疗过程中采用健康教育进行干预,明显提高了患儿自我护理能力,提升了疾病治疗效果,对于缩短肾病综合征患儿的治疗时间,提高肾病综合征患儿的生活质量具有重要意义.     

美国新墨西哥州护理教学联盟概念式教学介绍及启示

概念式教学作为一种适合成人的新教学方法,可以有效整合新旧信息,促进知识迁移,提升护理本科生综合素质,帮助其适应日益复杂的医疗环境。本文以美国新墨西哥州护理教学联盟的概念式教学为例,介绍概念式教学的实施及概念式课程的建设,以促进概念式教学在中国护理教育的应用与发展。     

Attitudes,beliefs and behaviours of Australia dietitians regarding dietary supplements: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of Australian dietitians regarding dietary supplements.MethodsAn online survey was disseminated through the mailing lists of multiple healthcare organizations. There were 231 Australian dietitians that replied to the online survey.ResultsThe results indicate that Australian dietitians are interested in dietary supplements (65%); however, the results also indicate that Australian dietitians are tentative about integrating dietary supplements into their dietetic practice. Concerns regarding potential drug-nutrient/herbal interactions were reported as the primary barrier (67%) to utilizing dietary supplements as part of clinical practice. In addition, there was a strong interest in additional training in dietary supplements (79%).ConclusionsIn summary, Australian dietitians are interested in the use of dietary supplements; however, due to current barriers, few dietitians utilize dietary supplements as part of dietetic practice.     

The use of simulation and moulage in undergraduate diagnostic radiography education: A burns scenario

IntroductionThere is a national drive to increase allied health professions simulation training. However, there is a paucity of literature within diagnostic radiography in relation to clinical simulation. No research could be found regarding the impact of simulation in radiography with complex clinical burns scenarios.This research aims to explore the perceptions of radiography undergraduate students regarding their preparedness for the complex care requirements in imaging examinations of clinical burns cases using a mixed methods approach.MethodA small-scale simulation-based teaching session was developed in a Scottish HEI, using role play and moulage to create realism. Twenty-eight undergraduate student radiographers participated in the scenario. Students completed pre and post-scenario questionnaires using Likert scale and free response data. Focus groups were undertaken three months after the simulation to obtain rich qualitative data. Common themes were identified via a process of initial coding and a 6-phase thematic analysis.ResultsThematic analysis demonstrated a marked increased perception of preparedness post-scenario; students felt more prepared to undertake their role in the imaging of complex care patients (Likert scoring increased with both mode and median post-scenario). Common themes that were identified were patient centeredness, realism and learning.ConclusionWithin this limited pilot project, the use of simulation was an effective means of preparing students to understand their role within the complex care setting (with respect to the traumatic realism of burns) in preparedness for professional practice. Additionally, students related to the practical understanding of the complexity of human factors that exist within clinical practice.     

A virtual radiation therapy workflow training simulation

AimSimulation forms an increasingly vital component of clinical skills development in a wide range of professional disciplines. Simulation of clinical techniques and equipment is designed to better prepare students for placement by providing an opportunity to learn technical skills in a “safe” academic environment. In radiotherapy training over the last decade or so this has predominantly comprised treatment planning software and small ancillary equipment such as mould room apparatus. Recent virtual reality developments have dramatically changed this approach. Innovative new simulation applications and file processing and interrogation software have helped to fill in the gaps to provide a streamlined virtual workflow solution. This paper outlines the innovations that have enabled this, along with an evaluation of the impact on students and educators.MethodVirtual reality software and workflow applications have been developed to enable the following steps of radiation therapy to be simulated in an academic environment: CT scanning using a 3D virtual CT scanner simulation; batch CT duplication; treatment planning; 3D plan evaluation using a virtual linear accelerator; quantitative plan assessment, patient setup with lasers; and image guided radiotherapy software.ResultsEvaluation of the impact of the virtual reality workflow system highlighted substantial time saving for academic staff as well as positive feedback from students relating to preparation for clinical placements. Students valued practice in the “safe” environment and the opportunity to understand the clinical workflow ahead of clinical department experience.ConclusionSimulation of most of the radiation therapy workflow and tasks is feasible using a raft of virtual reality simulation applications and supporting software. Benefits of this approach include time-saving, embedding of a case-study based approach, increased student confidence, and optimal use of the clinical environment. Ongoing work seeks to determine the impact of simulation on clinical skills.     

Future directions for community engagement as a public health approach to palliative care in Australia

The origins of contemporary public health approaches to palliative and end-of-life care can be traced to Victoria, Australia. The work of Allan Kellehear and the palliative care unit at La Trobe University proved seminal, and this continues to grow. But while the growth of compassionate communities continues internationally, both challenges and opportunities remain for communities in Australia. In this context, we discuss future directions for community engagement as a public health approach to palliative care.

Drawing from examples of community activities and from the literature, we highlight the use of arts and social media as an emerging strength from which to build. Through the lens of positive education, we propose a positive paradigm for death education in schools to promote positive dying. The relevance and potential contribution of appreciative inquiry is then explored as an asset-based public health approach to support sustainable community development. Collective action towards these future directions will contribute to the continued flourishing of public health approaches to palliative care in Australia.     

The societal value of SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination in Indonesia

ObjectivesTo estimate the expected socio-economic value of booster vaccination in terms of averted deaths and averted closures of businesses and schools using simulation modelling.MethodsThe value of booster vaccination in Indonesia is estimated by comparing simulated societal costs under a twelve-month, 187-million–dose Moderna booster vaccination campaign to costs without boosters. The costs of an epidemic and its mitigation consist of lost lives, economic closures and lost education; cost-minimising non-pharmaceutical mitigation is chosen for each scenario.ResultsThe cost-minimising non-pharmaceutical mitigation depends on the availability of vaccines: the differences between the two scenarios are 14 to 19 million years of in-person education and $153 to $204 billion in economic activity. The value of the booster campaign ranges from $2,500 ($1,400-$4,100) to $2,800 ($1,700-$4,600) per dose in the first year, depending on life-year valuations.ConclusionsThe societal benefits of booster vaccination are substantial. Much of the value of vaccination resides in the reduced need for costly non-pharmaceutical mitigation. We propose cost minimisation as a tool for policy decision-making and valuation of vaccination, taking into account all socio-economic costs, and not averted deaths alone.     

New South Wales Nurse Education Project

Abstract: The development of a teaching package for nurse educators on drug and alcohol problems is described and the contents of its 16 modules outlined.     

The impact of poverty on educational outcomes for children

Over the past decade, the unfortunate reality is that the income gap has widened between Canadian families. Educational outcomes are one of the key areas influenced by family incomes. Children from low-income families often start school already behind their peers who come from more affluent families, as shown in measures of school readiness. The incidence, depth, duration and timing of poverty all influence a child’s educational attainment, along with community characteristics and social networks. However, both Canadian and international interventions have shown that the effects of poverty can be reduced using sustainable interventions. Paediatricians and family doctors have many opportunities to influence readiness for school and educational success in primary care settings.