基于颜色变化的麸炒山药质量标准及炮制工艺探究

目的基于颜色变化探究麸炒山药质量标准及炮制工艺。方法利用色差仪测定生山药及不同炮制程度的麸炒山药饮片外观色度值L^?、a^?、b^?值(L^?为亮度,a^?为红绿色度值,b^?为黄蓝色度值),求其色度值双侧90%参考范围,并采用主成分分析对色度值进行聚类分析,结合SPSS 21.0软件,建立L^?、a^?、b^?与T(炮制温度)、t(炮制时间)的非标准化典则判别函数式。利用红外光谱技术分析生山药、不同炮制程度麸炒山药中相关化学基团的变化。结果麸炒山药炮制适中品色度值范围是47.20≤E^?ab<48.71,基于色度值的炮制工艺参数非标准化典则判别函数式分别为L^?=-0.014T+0.57t+50.517、a^?=0.295t+0.025;b^?=0.023T+1.845。山药麸炒后,红外共轭效应增强。结论色差仪可以实现不同炮制程度麸炒山药饮片外观颜色的客观化评判,基于色度值建立的非标准化典则判别函数式可为中药炮制工艺的规范化提供科学依据。     

骨髓间质干细胞（MSCs）移植对高血压大鼠动脉传导速度的影响

目的通过对于ISH模型鼠及SHR大鼠接受MSC移植干预后脉搏波传导速度及脉压变化的研究,探讨MSCs在改善病变动脉功能中的作用。方法选取自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)及单纯收缩期高血压大鼠作为研究对象,采用左心室直接注射的方法进行干细胞移植,在体条件下对于实验动物的血压及脉搏传导速度进行检测,并对结果进行分析。结果MSCs移植对于实验动物收缩压的变化没有影响,并不改变血压变化的趋势,但能够降低ISH动物脉压水平(32.407±2.55),同时降低PWV(178.6526±18.5494),与同组对照相比具有统计学差异(P<0.01)。SHR组接受细胞干预的亚组并没有呈现相同的变化趋势。进一步的相关分析发现,PP与PWV的变化具有正向相关性,相关系数为0.665。结论MSC移植治疗能够改善损伤动脉的传导速度,降低动脉的僵硬程度,部分逆转血管重塑的过程,从而延缓高血压动脉损伤的进程,降低心血管恶性事件的发生率。     

改进性血液透析液无症状透析612例次疗效分析及护理

目前，血液透析仍是治疗慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症的有效措施和方法，临床常以使用醋酸盐透析液透析，但由于一部分病人因“醋酸不耐受”而出现一些不良反应，达不到无症状透析。在碳酸氢钠透析液中也含有4retool／L-5mmol／L的醋酸盐，在临床应用中也可出现“醋酸不耐受”反应现象。为减少副反应，达到无症状透析，我们采用改进性无醋酸血液透析液，于2003年3月-2006年11月对48例做常规醋酸透析反应较重的病人使用改进性无醋酸血液透析液透析加护理支持612例次，并随机按4：1抽取了其中153例次记录用改进性无醋酸血液透析液透析加护理支持后的生化指标变化，现将结果报道如下。     

浅谈医患情感交流

医患关系是指医务人员与患者在进行医疗交流中的人际关系。合理运用交谈关系在很大程度上影响着患者的情绪以及疾病的愈后。     

升温速度对多孔生物陶瓷特性的影响

目的:观察升温速度对多孔生物陶瓷孔结构、显气孔率与容重、水渗透率、收缩率以及压缩强度的影响.方法:实验于2005-09/2007-09在武汉理工大学生物中心和重庆邮电大学生物实验中心完成.①在保温时间为2 h,烧成温度为850 ℃条件下,有机泡沫微球与骨料质量配比为0.25时,粘结剂的添加量为20%,升温速度分别为30,60,90,120,150和200 ℃/h条件下,采用有机泡沫微球作为成孔剂的热压铸多孔陶瓷的制备方法制得不同样品.②用电子扫描显微镜观察孔道和表面形貌;根据GB/T1964-1967.1996和GB/T1969～1970-1996测量显气孔率、容重;用自制水渗透率测定仪测定水渗透率;用体积法测定收缩率;用ASTM材料强度测试机测定压缩强度.结果:①升温速度变化对孔径＞100 μm大孔的影响明显,对孔径＜50 μm小孔的影响不明显,对晶体的长大影响也明显.②随着升温速度从30 ℃/h提高到150 ℃/h,显气孔率从72%增加到82%,容重从0.89×103 kg/m3下降0.52×103 kg/m3,水渗透率从12×10-3 cm2增加到25×10-3 cm2,收缩率27%从减少到23%,抗压强度从17.3 MPa降低到1.59 MPa.结论:升温速度对孔结构、显气孔率与容重、水渗透率、收缩率以及抗压强度有着重要的影响,为了保证成品有较好的孔结构、较高的显气孔率的同时具有一定的机械强度,升温速度选择在120 ℃/h左右较佳.     

Brain structural changes and their correlation with vascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients： a voxel-based morphometric study

Voxel-based morphometry has been used in the study of alterations in brain structure in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. These changes are associated with clinical indices. The age at onset, pathogenesis, and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus are different from those for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus may have different impacts on brain structure. Only a few studies of the alterations in brain structure in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using voxel-based morphometry have been conducted, with inconsistent results. We detected subtle changes in the brain structure of 23 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the total volume of gray and white matter of the brain of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and that in controls. Regional atrophy of gray matter mainly occurred in the right temporal and left occipital cortex, while regional atrophy of white matter involved the right temporal lobe and the right cerebellar hemisphere. The ankle-brachial index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus strongly correlated with the volume of brain regions in the default mode network. The ankle-brachial index, followed by the level of glycosylated hemoglobin, most strongly correlated with the volume of gray matter in the right temporal lobe. These data suggest that voxel-based morphometry could detect small structural changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early macrovascular atherosclerosis may play a crucial role in subtle brain atro- phy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, with chronic hyperglycemia playing a lesser role.     

Time dependent integration of matrix metalloproteinases and their targeted substrates directs axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis following central nervous system injury

Over the past two decades, many investigators have reported how extracellular matrix molecules act to regulate neuroplasticity. The majority of these studies involve proteins which are targets of matrix metalloproteinases. Importantly, these enzyme/substrate interactions can regulate degenerative and regenerative phases of synaptic plasticity, directing axonal and dendritic reorganization after brain insult. The present review first summarizes literature support for the prominent role of matrix metalloproteinases during neuroregeneration, followed by a discussion of data contrasting adaptive and maladaptive neuroplasticity that reveals time-dependent metalloproteinase/substrate regulation of postinjury synaptic recovery. The potential for these enzymes to serve as therapeutic targets for enhanced neuroplasticity after brain injury is illustrated with experiments demonstrating that metalloproteinase inhibitors can alter adaptive and maladaptive outcome. Finally, the complexity of metalloproteinase role in reactive synaptogenesis is revealed in new studies showing how these enzymes interact with immune molecules to mediate cellular response in the local regenerative environment, and are regulated by novel binding partners in the brain extracellular matrix. Together, these different examples show the complexity with which metalloproteinases are integrated into the process of neuroregeneration, and point to a promising new angle for future studies exploring how to facilitate brain plasticity.     

体温测量时间的研究与护理对策

体温，也称体核温度，是指身体内部胸腔、腹腔和中枢神经的温度；其特点是相对稳定且较皮肤温度高。测量体温的目的是判断体温有无异常；动态监测体温变化，分析热型及相伴症状；协助诊断，为预防、治疗、康复、护理提供依据。目前，体温的测量部位主要有直肠、口腔和腋窝。测直肠温度时，将温度计插入直肠3cm以上，一般测量温度为3min。口腔（舌下部）是广泛采用的测温部位，其特点是所测温度值比较准确，测量也较为方便；但对不能配合的病人，如婴幼儿、精神异常、昏迷、口腔疾患等病人不宜测口温。腋窝皮肤表面温度较低，只有让被测者将上臂紧贴其胸廓，使腋窝紧闭形成人工体腔，机体内部的热量才能逐渐传导过来，使腋窝的温度逐渐升高至接近于体核的温度水平。因此测定腋窝温度时，时间至少需要10min左右。测量腋下体温操作方便，但存在的缺点是由于腋下测温是通过皮肤测量温度，故较其他两种方式所需的测量时间较长。     

从生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ变化观察两种模拟高原训练过程对大鼠身体成分的影响

目的:从生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ变化的角度观察高住低练和低住高练两种模拟高原训练过程对身体成分的影响.方法:实验于2005-03/05在广州体育学院运动牛化省重点实验室进行.①实验材料及分组:雄性SD大鼠30只,体质量180～220 g,随机分为低住低练对照组、高住低练组和低住高练组,每组10只.②实验过程:模拟高原低氧环境为海拔2 500 m(15.4%O2),高住为每天12 h,低住低练组和高住低练组运动强度为25 m/min,低住高练组20 m/min运动1 h/d,运动6 d/周.③评估:4周后测试血清生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ、肝脏、腓肠肌胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ和身体成分.结果:①低住高练组血清生长激素、骨骼肌胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ高于高住低练组(P＞0.05);肝脏中胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ含量高于高住低练组(P＜0.05);血清胰岛素样牛长因子Ⅰ低于高住低练组(P＜0.05).②低住高练组大鼠体质量、腓肠肌质量高于高住低练组(P＜0.05);脂肪质量、脂肪比重、腓肠肌比重各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).结论:低住高练模式更有利于机体保持稳定的体质量和代谢平衡.     

冠心病介入术后证型变化及中医药治疗的实际状况探讨

目的:探讨冠心病介入术后证型变化和采用中医药治疗的实际情况.方法:收集沈阳军区总医院2014年1月～2015年12月收治的行介入术治疗的冠心病患者中随机抽取56例进行研究,均采用中医药治疗,将其症候和治疗进行对比.结果:治疗前,本组患者实证和虚证所占的比例分别为75.00％和25.00％,和治疗后的60.71％和39.29％比较,前后差异显著(P＜0.05).结论:冠心病介入术后,患者的症候由实转虚,以血瘀、痰浊和气虚证等为主要症候.