浅谈人口老龄化引起的抗生素用药不安全因素

目前人口老龄化日益明显。老年人在生理、心理等方面处于衰老退化的状态,这种变化可影响药物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄,同时亦影响药物的效应和引起不良反应的发生。老年人是一个特殊的群体,全社会应关注老年人的用药问题,特别是抗生素的用药问题。通过对此问题的分析,医师和药师要认真履行各自的职责,在充分认识老年患病特点的基础上,采取安全对策,注意合理选择药物。     

成人睾丸组织在裸鼠体内的存活情况研究

目的以成人睾丸组织为供体,免疫缺陷小鼠为受体,研究成人睾丸组织中生精细胞异种移植后的存活及变化情况。方法将成人正常睾丸组织植入去势裸鼠背部,于移植后110d取出移植物,进行组织形态学观察。结果在一例移植前显示非正常生精上皮结构标本的移植物中,大多数生精小管中只含有Sertoli细胞,而另一例移植前显示出正常生精上皮结构的标本,在移植到裸鼠背部110d后,仍然观察到圆形和长形精子细胞存在。结论将成人睾丸组织移植到免疫缺陷小鼠体内,110d后仍观察到有生精细胞的存活。     

Conversion of mononuclear cells from human umbilical cord blood into hepatocyte-like cells

Objective: To evaluate the differentiation of human umbilical cord blood cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Methods: Mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood were isolated using Ficoll. The experiment was derived into 3 categories:(1) MNCs co-cultured with 50 mg minced liver tissue separated by a trans-well membrane and then collected at 0 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h; (2) MNCs cultured along supplemented with 100 ml/L FBS. 100μ/ml penicillin, 100μg/ml streptomycin. 4. 7μg/ml linoleic acid, 1×ITS, 10-4 mol/L L-Ascorbic acid 2-P and a combination of FGF4 (100 ng/ml) and HGF (20 ng/mL). Cells were then collected at 0 d and 16 d to examine the expression profile of hepatocyte correlating markers;(3) 0. 2-0. 3 ml of MNCs with a cell density of 2×107/ml were transplanted into prepared recipient mice [n = 12, injected with 0. 4 ml/kg (20%) CCl4 and 150 ng/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) prior the transplant 24 h and 48 h, respectively] via injection through tail vein. Mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after transplantation. The hepatocyte correlating mRNAs and proteins were determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical analysis and immunoflurence technique. Results: (1) After 72 h. a number of glycogen positive stained cells were observed with MNCs co-cultured with damaged mouse liver tissues. The expression of hepatocyte markers, human albumin (ALB),α-fetal protein (AFP) and human GATA4 mRNA and proteins were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry as well. For the confirmation, the DNA sequencing of PCR products was performed. In control groups, MNCs co-cultured with normal mouse hepatocytes or MNCs cultured alone, all markers remained negative. (2) In growth factor supplemented culture system, MNCs developed into larger volume with richer cytoplasm and binucleation after 16 d. Positive expression of ALB, AFP, CK18 and CK19 mRNA were detected with RT-PCR, and ALB positive staining was observed by immunocytochemistry as well. In contrast. MNCs cultured without exogenous growth factors scarcely attached to the culture dish and ALB mRNA was not detected. (3) In transplantation experiment, both of ALB and AFP mRNA were detected by RT-PCR and HSA, PCNA and ALB positive staining were observed in the livers of recipient mice by immunocytochemistry. Conclusion: MNCs from human umbilical cord blood could convert into hepatocyte-like cells in 3 different ways, indicating their potential use in the clinic applications for the treatment of human liver diseases.     

乳头状甲状腺癌与促甲状腺激素受体第三胞内环基因突变的研究

目的探讨乳头状甲状腺癌的发病是否与促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)第3胞内环基因突变相关。方法采用多聚酶联反应-单链构象多态性分析(PCR-SSCP)和DNA测序方法,对65例乳头状甲状腺癌和44例正常甲状腺组织TSHR第3胞内环基因进行检测。结果经PCR-SSCP检测乳头状甲状腺癌促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)第3胞内环未发现明显带型异常;取2例对照组织和3例甲状腺癌组织进行DNA测序,TSHR2000位点碱基均由C→T,使得所编码的601位氨基酸由组氨酸(CAT)→酪氨酸(TAT)突变(His→Tyr),余未发现其他基因突变。结论乳头状甲状腺癌发病与TSHR第3胞内环基因突变无关;中国人TSHR基因与国外人群存在多态性差异。     

两种抗生素治疗呼吸道感染的对比观察

呼吸道感染是门诊常见疾病，治疗的关键在于如何恰当的运用经验，制订适合患者实际状况的治疗方案。抗生素作为主要治疗手段必须基于预测疗效、清除细菌、防止产生耐药性等原则。阿奇霉素对临床上多种常见致病菌有抗菌作用；头孢他啶是第三代头孢菌素，对大多数革兰阳性菌、阴性菌均有抗菌活性。在本院各种呼吸道感染住院患者中，分别随机抽取应用阿奇霉素、头孢他啶为主要治疗手段的患者共81例，研究、评价阿奇霉素、头孢他啶治疗呼吸道感染的疗效和安全性。     

防治药源性疾病是医药工作者的重要职责

药源性疾病已对人类的健康构成威胁，必须引起关注。要积极开展对药源性疾病这个新的医药学科的学习，从诊断入手，加强药源性疾病的预防和治疗工作。这关系到患者的利益，也是我们医药工作者的重要职责。     

大连市心血管疾病患者弓形虫抗体IgG、IgM和循环抗原的检测

目的 探讨心血管疾病与弓形虫感染的关系，为临床提供一定的参考价值。方法 采用3种ELSIA法检测弓形虫抗体IgG、IgM和循环抗原(CAg)。结果 共检测心血管疾病患者血清93份，健康人血清87份。结果 表明心血管疾病患者弓形虫抗体IgG和循环抗原的阳性率分别为21．51％和11．93％；健康人弓形虫抗体IgG和循环抗原阳性率分别为10．34％和3．48％。结论 心血管疾病患者弓形虫感染与健康人群有显著差异。建议心血管疾病患者应作弓形虫血清学检测。     

药物对眼的不良反应130例分析

对1999年至2001年住院及门诊眼科病人1300例进行系统观察,经病历分析,发现其中130例属于药源性眼病,其发生率占用药总例数的10%.有18类药物可引起对眼的不良反应,有些药物无论是全身或是局部性用药均会对眼造成损害,归类统计分析结果见表1.     

2006年通化市主要媒介生物监测分析

为掌握通化市媒介生物种群密度及消长规律，为开展病媒生物防制提供科学依据，我们于2006年对其进行了监测，结果报告如下。     

医疗数据集成平台总体架构设计

随着现代医院数字化建设的进一步发展，各种信息系统将越来越多的被投入使用。不同信息系统的构架设计、实现手段和开发环境都有差异，一般而言这些系统之间无法直接进行数据交互。医院需要建立一个提供各个子系统之间高效数据交互的集成平台，结合业务流程实现业务的跨系统整合。文章从医院数据集成平台的设想和构建实际出发，提出了数据集成平台设计理念、构架模块方面的理论设想，并将在实际建设中加以进一步验证和落实。