耳鸣耳聋中医诊疗进展

耳鸣不是外来的声音,而是自身发出的声音,它可发生于单侧,也可发生于双侧,分为客观性耳鸣和主观性耳鸣。耳聋指不同程度的听力减退。耳鸣耳聋是生活中常见、难治的一种疾病,目前发病机理不明。中医学早在《黄帝内经》中就有耳鸣耳聋的记载及病因病机的论述,此后历代医家亦从不同角度探讨其病因病机及治疗方法。近年来,临床工作者在继承中医传统理论基础上试图从脏腑、经络、气血等方面阐明耳鸣耳聋病因病机,探索应用方剂、针灸、按摩导引等方法治疗耳鸣耳聋,取得了一定的疗效。本文详细归纳近年来耳鸣耳聋的病因病机及治疗方法等方面的文献,以期为临床提供一定的参考依据。     

Increasing economic burden of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment failure by line of therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia

Objective:

To assess the economic burden of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment failure in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), by assessing all-cause health care resource use (HCRU) and costs in the year after treatment failure by line of therapy (LOT; 1L/2L/3L) using real-world data.

Methods:

Treatment episodes initiating a TKI of interest (index TKI) during June 2008–December 2011 were identified from the IMS PharMetrics Plus Health Plan Claims Database for adult patients with CML diagnosis (ICD-9-CM 205.1x), 120 days pre-index continuous enrollment (CE) and no clinical trial participation. Episodes experiencing treatment failure, defined as switch to a non-index TKI or discontinuation of index TKI (gap of?≥?60 days), and with 1 year CE post-failure, were analyzed. LOT was determined by number of unique TKIs used in the pre-index. All-cause HCRU and costs (2012 USD) in the 1 year post-failure were assessed by LOT, and the comparisons between 1L and 2L failures were also adjusted using multivariate generalized linear models (GLMs) to control for underlying differences.

Results:

A total of 706 episodes were identified (518 1L; 180 2L; 8 3L). Unadjusted HCRU over 1 year post-failure increased significantly. This was accompanied by a significant increase in unadjusted mean costs for 2L failures vs. 1L failures ($99,624 vs. $78,667, p?=?0.021, Δ$20,957). Following the adjustment using GLMs, adjusted mean costs were 38% higher (95% CI 1.14–1.68), driven primarily by use of medical services. In adjusted analyses, compared to 1L, 2L failures had: 45% more ambulatory visits (mean 31 vs. 21, 95% CI 1.26–1.66), 75% higher risk of hospitalization (33% vs. 23% hospitalized, 95% CI 1.16–2.64), and 73% higher medical costs (95% CI 1.31–2.29). Medical costs comprised a greater proportion of total costs in 2L vs. 1L (55% vs. 44%); pharmacy costs did not increase significantly.

Conclusions:

The economic burden over 1 year post TKI failure increased with each sequential line of TKI treatment failure.     

功能失调性子宫出血的发病机制及治疗进展

功能失调性子宫出血(功血)是一种常见的妇科内分泌疾病,近年来其发病率逐年上升。其发病机制不明,可能包括神经内分泌功能失调和子宫内膜局部微环境异常两个方面。功血的治疗主要分为药物治疗及非药物治疗,后者包括左炔诺孕酮宫内释放系统、诊断性刮宫术、子宫内膜去除术、介入治疗及子宫切除术。其中高强度聚焦超声子宫内膜去除术是一种新兴技术,可在临床中进一步推广应用。     

丁螺环酮联合草酸艾司西酞普兰 治疗抑郁症的增效作用和安全性 观察

目的 探讨丁螺环酮联合草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁症的增效作用和安全性。方法 选取符合ICD-10 抑郁发作 诊断标准，经草酸艾司西酞普兰足量（20mg/d）、足疗程（6周）治疗未获得痊愈的45 例抑郁症患者，加用丁螺环酮15~60mg/d，观察8周，并分别在治疗前、治疗后第1、4、8周末分别评估汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA），以第1周末HAMA 评分≤7分为界，分为焦虑控制组（HAMA 评分≤7 分）和焦虑未控制组（HAMA 评分＞7 分）；以8周末HAMD≤7分为标准，分为获得痊愈组（HAMD≤7 分）和未获得痊愈组（HAMD＞7 分）；并在治疗第1、4、8周末分别评估不良反应。结果 在治疗第4周，获得痊愈20 例（44.4%），第8 周末获得痊愈25 例（55.5%）。治疗后第4、8 周，获得痊愈组的患者HAMA 评分明显低于未获得痊愈组（P＜0.05）。治疗后第1、4周，焦虑控制组和焦虑未控制组患者HAMD 评分比较差异无统计学意义，治疗后第8 周，两组患者HAMD 评分 比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不良反应以口干（40.0%）、便秘（36.9%）及乏力（13.3%）为多见。结论 经草酸艾司西酞普兰足量、足疗程治疗后仍未彻底痊愈的患者加用丁螺环酮可进一步获得疗效，提高痊愈率,安全性良好。     

2型糖尿病患者使用胰岛素治疗期间的药师指导

目的探讨药师参与2型糖尿病患者在使用胰岛素治疗过程中对患者治疗效果的影响。方法选择该院在2019年5月—2020年5月门诊收治的200例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,随机分为实验组和观察组,每组100例,实验组患者在治疗期间药师参与患者治疗全过程;观察组按照常规治疗方案进行治疗;观察患者各项指标变化情况。结果实验组在经过药师指导后,糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、患者用药依从性明显优于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论药师参与2型糖尿病患者使用胰岛素治疗期间,能够明显提高患者的治疗效果和生活质量,实现了医药护理共同协作,值得被医护人员在临床中广泛应用,并进行大力推广及宣传。