Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fracture: An Age-Based Treatment Algorithm

PurposeFractures of the femoral shaft in children are common. The rates of bone growth and remodeling in children vary according to their ages, which affect their respective management. MethodsThis paper evaluates the incidence and patterns of pediatric femoral shaft fracture and the current concepts of treatments available.ResultsThe type of fracture—closed or open; stable or unstable—needs to be taken into account. Child abuse should be suspected in fractures sustained by infants. For younger children, non-surgical management is preferred, which include Pavlik harness (< 6 months old) and early spica casting (6 months to 6 years old). Older children (> 6 years old) usually benefit from surgical treatments as outcomes of non-surgical alternatives are worse and are associated with prolonged recovery times. These operative measures for older children that are 6–12 years old include elastic stable intramedullary nailing and submuscular plating. Factors to be considered when devising an appropriate intervention include body mass, location of injury, and nature of fracture. For adolescent and skeletally mature teenagers (> 12 years old), rigid antegrade entry intramedullary fixation is indicated. In the event of open fractures or polytrauma, external fixation should be considered as a temporary treatment method for initial fracture stabilization.ConclusionAn age-based and evidence-based algorithm has been proposed to guide surgeons in the process of evaluating an appropriate treatment.     

大型方舱医院物资捐赠管理体系建设与应用

社会捐赠体系是国家应急物资保障的重要组成部分。物资捐赠作为疫情防控期间物资保障的一种重要形式和补充,其响应速度对解决疫情特殊时期医疗物资匮乏问题起到了至关重要的作用。该文通过在国家会展中心（上海）方舱医院物资捐赠管理工作实践中反复总结、积累实践,以分配公平性、效用优化性、信息透明性为目标,制定了大型方舱医院物资捐赠制度,创建了相关流程,形成了大型方舱医院物资捐赠管理体系,在确保国家会展中心（上海）方舱医院正常运行中发挥了重大作用。     

广西基层医疗机构的医疗器械使用及管理现状

目的了解基层医疗机构的医疗器械使用及管理现状,为加强基层医疗机构中医疗器械的管理提供参考。方法采用问卷调查的方法,对广西壮族自治区的65个基层医疗机构的医疗器械使用及管理状况进行调查。结果65个基层医疗机构中,仅有26个(40.00%)医疗机构对医疗器械法律法规实施过学习培训;62个(95.38%)医疗机构的医疗器械进货查验记录真实、完整、准确;仅有11个(16.92%)医疗机构植入和介入类医疗器械具备使用记录且记录完整,满足追溯要求。结论广西基层医疗机构对医疗器械使用及质量管理方面尚存在不同程度的问题,需进一步建立、健全管理制度,监管部门亦应加强监督管理。     

贵州省中医医疗机构医院感染管理现况调查

目的 调查贵州省中医医疗机构医院感染管理工作现状,为提高医院感染管理质量提供依据。 方法 采用问卷对省、市、县中医医疗机构医院感染现状进行调查。 结果 共调查了79所中医医疗机构。各级中医院医院感染管理专职人员中本科学历占66.90%,护理专业占60.69%,初级职称占42.07%。大多数中医院开展了医院感染相关监测工作,26.67%的中医医疗机构实现了医院感染信息化监测,仅3.80%的中医医疗机构开展了医院感染管理相关科研。 结论 贵州省中医医疗机构需进一步完善医院感染相关监测工作,并加强信息化监测;专职人员存在专业单一、职称偏低、高学历人才缺乏的情况;需加强医院感染相关科研工作。     

基于SQL的报表系统开发及其在放疗流程质控中的应用

目的 有效利用放疗科日常运行中产生的临床数据,基于科室已有网络资源实现放疗信息无纸化,提高放疗流程质控水平。方法 分析科室放疗流程及所需文档,运用基于SQL数据库的报表工具Report Builder,对放疗科已有网络Aria产生的大量数据进行提取和分析,开发报表实现患者现有放疗文档的电子化;运用PDCA的方法分析流程中存在的薄弱环节,提出对策并设计相应报表量化指标,从而提高流程质控水平。结果 自2020年全面实施以来,科室实施放疗两千余人次,患者放疗信息一次登记后全部文档实现网络存档和查询。根据实际工作需求制定了13个日常统计报表、5个季度和3个年度统计报表,通过报表统计使用报表前后3个月的放疗前等待时间由16.2 d缩短至14.8 d,工作人员能够掌握患者治疗进度,及时发现12例中断治疗的患者。结论 通过报表工具的信息提取能够实现放疗全流程信息网络化和患者放疗数据电子化,提高了人员工作效率和沟通效率,科室能够根据报表数据实时优化资源配置,提高放疗的效率和质量。该方法具有普适性和实用性。     

口矫器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的机制及疗效预测

目的观察一种下颌前移性口矫器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的疗效并探讨其治疗原理,探讨应用颌面结构分析法来预测口矫器的疗效。　方法70例经多导睡眠仪(PSG)检查确诊的OSA患者,男性63例,女性7例,平均年龄(50.5±11.6)岁,呼吸暂停指数(AI)(34.9±21.3)次/h,夜间最低血氧饱和度(66.3±16.5)%。经口腔科会诊后制作口矫器,治疗3个月后复查PSG检查。每例患者治疗前均在带及不带口矫器两种状态下摄头颅侧位片作颌面结构分析。　结果治疗后AI由(34.9±21.3)次/h减至(15.6±19.2)次/h(P<0.000 1),夜间最低血氧饱和度由(66.3±16.6)%升至(74.1±15.5)%(P<0.001)。共有45例患者AI减少≥50%。反应良好组患者缩颌较明显,前上面部长度较长,置入口矫器后下颌显著前突、上气道径增宽、长度缩短、上气道面积增大。　结论口矫器对部分OSA患者具有确切疗效,其治疗作用可能主要与改善睡眠期上气道周围结构关系,保持气道通畅有关。     

Laryngopyocele: three new clinical cases and review of the literature

Laryngopyocele is a fairly rare disease. It is a complication of laryngocele. Its clinical picture is often alarming; thus it needs fast differential diagnosis. Computed tomography allows early diagnosis. Surgical treatment permits a complete recovery. An association between laryngocele and carcinoma of the larynx has been reported by some authors. Three new cases of laryngopyocele are presented and discussed. Received: 23 November 1999 / Accepted: 29 May 2000     

小儿假性胰腺囊肿的诊断和治疗

目的探讨准确地诊断和治疗小儿假性胰腺囊肿.方法总结近10年来我们收治经B超、钡餐、CT和MRI以及手术证实的假性胰腺囊肿15例.结果发现15例中男11例,女4例,年龄最小1岁4个月,最大13岁,平均年龄9.4岁.而且7例有明显外伤史(7/15,占40%),恶心呕吐(14/15,占93%)、腹痛(11/15,占73%),腹部肿块(10/15,占66%)为主要临床表现,其次有发热、消瘦、贫血.此外,在诊断上除依靠病史、体检和临床表现外,B超是最适宜和有价值的诊断依据,钡餐、CT和MRI可以帮助诊断和鉴别诊断,还发现一旦血清淀粉酶下降后又重新回升,不但对确诊有重要意义,也是手术的重要指证.14例接受手术治疗患儿均恢复良好,无1例死亡.结论①小儿假性胰腺囊肿诊断除主要依靠病史、体征外,B超对小儿仍是有价值的辅助检查,诊断困难时可结合钡餐、CT和MRI加以鉴别.②小儿假性胰腺囊肿多与外伤有关,男＞女,因男孩好动、顽皮受伤机率多.③囊肿形成超过6周,或者B超显示囊肿壁形成明显时应选用内引流手术,较大囊肿仅外引流难以治愈.     

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: Still turning into wood after 300 years?

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by symmetrical congenital skeletal abnormalities and progressive heterotopic ossification of the connective tissues. At present, more than 300 years after the first report by Patin in 1648 in which he described the woman who turned to wood, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown and its therapy is limited to symptom-modifying trials. However, significant progress has been recently made and new data on the molecular organization and regulation of normal and disordered bone induction are likely to lead to a more specific therapy. FOP is believed to be a genetic disorder characterized by a disturbed expression of the endochondral osteogenesis programme, and the remarkable clues from the fly reported by Kaplan et al. [8] in 1990 suggest a gain-of-function mutation in the genetic regulation of bone morphogenetic proteins.