2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗与高脂血症及微血管病变的关系

目的 :探讨 2型糖尿病的胰岛素抵抗与高脂血症及微血管病变的关系。方法 :通过对 2型糖尿病 16 2例的胰岛素释放试验及 C-肽测量、血脂、微量白蛋白尿的测量和眼底检查方法。结果 :16 2例分为胰岛素分泌缺乏组、高胰岛素分泌组及胰岛素分泌正常范围组 ,而且高脂血症及微血管病变发生率由高到低。结论 :胰岛素抵抗在 2型糖尿病发生发展中起着重要作用 ,而高脂血症是导致胰岛素抵抗的重要因素 ,并最终导致糖尿病并发症发生。     

Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in juvenile overweight and obesity prior to and following weight reduction

Objectives

To evaluate the formation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in juvenile overweight/obesity and obesity-related disorders and to investigate the effect of weight reduction on AOPPs.

Design and methods

AOPPs were determined in 114 overweight/obese children and adolescents without/with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome and compared with 53 lean controls. Measurements were repeated following weight reduction program (diet/exercise, bran-enriched diet/exercise, and diet/exercise plus metformin).

Results

Overweight/obese subjects had higher AOPPs than lean controls, more elevated in patients with co-occurring metabolic syndrome. AOPPs positively correlated with central obesity, triglycerides, lipid peroxidation and insulin, and negatively with glucose to insulin ratio. AOPPs decreased following obesity intervention and ΔAOPPs correlated with ΔBMI%. AOPPs reduction was more pronounced in subjects on bran-enriched diet. Baseline AOPPs were a better predictor of clinically significant weight reduction than BMI%.

Conclusions

Juvenile overweight/obesity was associated with AOPPs accumulation, more pronounced in metabolic syndrome. Body mass reduction decreased oxidative stress, with bran-enriched diet being more effective than diet/exercise alone.     

奥美沙坦对胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和脂联素的影响

目的探讨奥美沙坦对胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清TNF-α及脂联素的影响。方法正常Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠39只,随机分为正常对照组（n=9）和造模组（n=30）。高脂喂养6周后尾静脉采血查空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）,并计算胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）,确定27只胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型建立。将胰岛素抵抗大鼠再随机分为3组：①模型组（n=9）：给予高脂饮食;②二甲双胍组（n=9）：在高脂饮食的基础上加用二甲双胍（300mg·kg-1·d-1）;③奥美沙坦组（n=9）：在高脂饮食的基础上加用奥美沙坦（3mg·kg-1·d-1）。干预6周后,测定FBG、FINS,计算ISI;测定TNF-α及脂联素水平。结果奥美沙坦组与模型组比较,TNF-α明显减低（P〈0.01）,脂联素明显增高（P〈0.05）。结论奥美沙坦可能通过降低TNF-α,增高脂联素水平而改善胰岛素抵抗。     

老年高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗与其他代谢异常的关系

目的　探讨老年高血压病 (EH)患者胰岛素抵抗 (IR)与其他代谢异常的关系。方法　对在我院体检的年龄在 6 0岁以上的高血压病和正常人群共 75例行葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)及胰岛素释放试验。用胰岛素抵抗指数 (HOMA IR)作为胰岛素敏感性评价指标 ,将 75例受试人群分为三组即正常对照组 30例 ,单纯高血压病 (EH)组 2 0例 ,高血压病合并胰岛素抵抗组 (EH +IR)组 2 5例。结果　①老年EH患者HOMA IR值比老年正常对照组明显升高 [(3 0 1± 0 4 8)∶(3 92± 0 2 9) ,P <0 0 1]。 4 5例EH患者中 ,有 5 5 6 % (2 5 /4 5 )存在胰岛素抵抗。②EH +IR组中体重指数、血脂、血压、血尿酸等代谢紊乱的发生率比单纯EH组及正常对照组均明显升高。结论　胰岛素抵抗可能是老年高血压病患者其他各项代谢异常的基础。     

Exercise and the treatment of diabetes and obesity

An active lifestyle increases general health and is protects from a number of different conditions, including exercise and obesity. There is emerging evidence that exercise by itself exerts clinically beneficial effects in both lean and obese subjects, even in the absence of effects on weight.1 Recent results have brought an increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise at the level of metabolism and changes in gene expression. There is a significant dose-response to the effect of exercise, and the current guidelines regarding exercise amount may need to be revised upwards. Furthermore, this treatment option should not be overlooked.     

新生儿脐血瘦素和胰岛素水平及其临床意义

目的观测不同宫内状况下新生儿脐血瘦素和胰岛素水平，探讨其对胎儿宫内生长发育的调控作用。方法新生儿135例．其中早产小于胎龄儿组（A组）30例，早产适于胎龄儿组（B组）36例，足月小于胎龄儿组（C组）32例，足月适于胎龄儿组（D组）37例。于分娩后采脐静脉血，采用ELISA方法和Access免疫分析系统分别测定血清瘦素和胰岛素水平，进行多元回归相关分析。结果各组新生儿脐血瘦素、胰岛素水平均存在明显差异，基本呈A、C、B、D组由低到高的趋势（F=185．59、195．44，P〈0．01）；A、B、C组Ponderal指数与血清瘦素和胰岛素水平呈正相关。结论脐血瘦素和胰岛素水平与新生儿宫内营养状态相一致，两者参与宫内发育迟缓儿和早产儿宫内生长发育的调控，但不是足月适于胎龄儿生长发育的主要调控因素。     

胰岛素抗体对电化学发光免疫分析法测定血清胰岛素的影响

目的探讨胰岛素抗体（IA）对电化学发光免疫分析法（ECLIA）检测胰岛素的影响。方法放射免疫法检测糖尿病患者血清IA,IA结合率〈5%组10例,IA结合率≥5%组53例。聚乙二醇（PEG）沉淀法去除IA,Roche E lecsys 2010测定胰岛素浓度。结果IA结合率〈5%组和IA结合率5%-10%组PEG处理前后的胰岛素浓度、游离胰岛素/直接胰岛素比值、胰岛素浓度改变值差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。IA结合率10%-20%、20%-30%、〉30%组PEG处理前后的胰岛素浓度、游离胰岛素/直接胰岛素比值、胰岛素浓度改变值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。IA结合率〉10%时,IA结合率与游离胰岛素/直接胰岛素比值呈负相关（r=-0.729,P=0.000）,与胰岛素浓度的改变值呈正相关（r=0.821,P=0.000）。结论IA结合率≤10%时,IA对ECLIA测定血清胰岛素浓度没有影响。IA结合率〉10%时,IA使ECLIA测定胰岛素结果假性升高。     

2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关关系。方法以稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）作为评估胰岛素抵抗程度的指标。采用放射免疫法测定74例2型糖尿病患者的血清瘦素水平。结果女性瘦素水平比男性高，肥胖者比非肥胖者高（P〈0．05）。多元逐步回归分析提示性别、脂肪百分比、胰岛素抵抗指数是影响瘦素水平的独立预测因素（β分别为-1．572、0．128、1．179，均P〈0．05）。结论2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗有明显的关系，且瘦素与2型糖尿病的发病有关。     

自身抗体筛检隐匿型自身免疫性糖尿病的意义

目的:检测胰岛素自身抗体(IAA)、胰岛细胞抗体(ICA)、谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADA)和血清C肽,筛选出成年隐匿型自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)对其进行早诊断、早治疗。方法:采用ELISA法检测188例初诊糖尿病患者血清IAA、ICA和GADA,化学发光法检测空腹和餐后C肽。结果:阳性组50例患者中,GADA阳性率(16.0%)高于ICA阳性率(12.2%)和IAA阳性率(7.4%)。双抗体阳性率为6.9%,三抗体阳性率为1.1%。抗体阳性患者的空腹和餐后C肽明显低于抗体阴性患者,双抗体和三抗体阳性患者的空腹和餐后C肽低于单抗体阳性患者。结论:自身抗体阳性患者的胰岛功能明显低于阴性患者。双抗体或三抗体的阳性患者,其胰岛功能丧失的更多。通过三抗体联合检测在初诊糖尿病患者中筛选LADA,对其早诊断早治疗具重要意义。