梅州地区TLR4基因连锁不平衡与缺血性脑卒中相关性研究

目的 检测梅州地区缺血性脑卒中患者和健康对照人群TLR4基因的（rs10759932、rs11536879、rs11536891、rs1927914）的基因多态性，经连锁不平衡分析其与缺血性脑卒中的相关性。方法 收集2018年1月1日 - 2018年7月31日住院治疗的突发缺血性脑卒中患者作为病例组，同期在体检中心收集健康人群作为对照组。应用Massarray SNP 分型技术检测两组患者TLR4基因的4个位点基因型，进行Hardy - Weinberg（H - W）平衡检测。采用不同模型分析上述位点不同基因型与脑梗死发病风险的相关性，并通过连锁不平衡分析其与缺血性脑卒中的相关性。结果 病例组纳入病例186名，对照组纳入健康人194名；4种SNP位点均符合H - W 平衡。rs1927914位点G/G基因型在对照组出现频率远远高于病例组（χ2 = 9.267，P＜0.05）。rs10759932位点T/T基因型在女性对照组中出现的频率显著高于男性[OR = 0.38 (0.18 - 0.81)，P＜0.05]。4个SNP位点之间均存在连锁不平衡，TGCG基因型组合在缺血性卒中男性患者出现的频率显著高于女性[OR = 3.54 (1.17 - 10.69)，P＜0.05]。结论 梅州地区rs1927914位点A＞G为保护性基因突变，可以降低缺血性脑卒中发生。4个位点的连锁不平衡与缺血性脑卒中发生存在部分性别差异，TGCG组合为男性人群的危险基因，脑卒中发生率显著升高。     

Comparison of Transcallosal Inhibition Between Hemispheres and Its Relationship with Motor Behavior in Patients with Severe Upper Extremity Impairment After Subacute Stroke

ObjectiveTo compare corticospinal excitability and transcallosal inhibition between contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) and ipsilesional M1. We also investigated the correlation between transcallosal inhibition and upper extremity motor behavior.Materials and methods19 individuals with unilateral ischemic subacute stroke who had severe upper extremity impairment participated in this study. Corticospinal excitability was assessed by measuring the resting motor threshold, active motor threshold and motor evoked potential amplitude. Transcallosal inhibition was investigated by measuring the duration and depth of the ipsilateral silent period (ISP). The data from the two hemispheres were compared and the relationships of transcallosal inhibition with upper extremity motor impairment, grip strength and pinch strength were analyzed.ResultsResting motor threshold (p = 0.001) and active motor threshold (p = 0.001) were lower and motor evoked potential amplitude was higher (p = 0.001) in the contralesional M1 compared to the ipsilesional M1. However, there were no differences between the two M1s in ISP duration (p = 0.297) or ISP depth (p =0. 229). Transcallosal inhibition from the contralesional M1 was positively associated with motor impairment (ISP duration, p = 0.003; ISP depth, p = 0.017) and grip strength (ISP duration, p = 0.016; ISP depth, p = 0.045).ConclusionsSymmetric transcallosal inhibition between hemispheres and positive association of transcallosal inhibition from contralesional M1 with upper extremity motor behavior indicate that recruitment of contralesional M1 may be necessary for recovery in patients with severe upper extremity impairment after subacute ischemic stroke.     

中国回族人群CYP4F2和VKORC1的基因多态性

目的考察中国回族人群华法林治疗反应相关基因CYP4F2和VKORC1的基因多态性。方法从159名健康中国回族志愿者的外周血提取DNA,CYP4F2的13个外显子及VKORC1的3个外显子及其外显子-内含子交接处的碱基序列通过多聚酶链反应进行扩增,相应的扩增产物经Sanger测序法进行测序分析。所得基因变异体通过软件HAPLOVIEW进行单体型和连锁不平衡分析。错义突变对蛋白的影响通过3个在线软件Poly Phen-2,SIFT和MutationTaster-2进行预测。结果CYP4F2共有18个基因变异体被发现,内含子和外显子各9个,其中有3个变异体是首次报道,即第1内含子-14G>C,第4外显子5039C>T(p.Ala118Val)和第12外显子18227A>C(p.Glu452Ala)。VKORC1共有9个单核苷酸多态性被发现,其中3个位于外显子区。CYP4F2 Val433Met和VKORC1-1639 G>A的变异体等位基因频率分别是0.370和0.608,与千人基因组人群相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。CYP4F2和VKORC1所发现的基因变异体有显著的连锁不平衡。结论中国回族人群CYP4F2和VKORC1的群体遗传学模式具有不同的特征,在使用华法林等药物时应进行药物剂量的相应调整。     

化浊清解愈溃煎对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠p38MAPK、TNF-α、IL-4的影响

目的观察化浊清解愈溃煎对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠血清及结肠组织p38MAPK、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量的影响。方法清洁级Wistar雄性大鼠50只按随机数字表法分为两组,空白组8只,其余大鼠均为造模组。采用TNBS/乙醇联合造模法构建UC大鼠模型。造模成功后按照随机数字表法将模型大鼠分为模型组、西药组(予美沙拉嗪肠溶片混悬液0.42 g/kg)及中药高、中、低剂量组。中药高、中、低剂量组予化浊清解愈溃煎中药混悬液,剂量分别为22、11、5.5 g/(kg·d),每日灌胃1次,疗程14 d。采用免疫组化法检测各组大鼠结肠组织内p38MAPK的蛋白表达量。ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清内TNF-α、IL-4含量。结果与空白组比较,模型组一般情况较差,血清中TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.05),IL-4含量则明显降低(P<0.05),结肠组织中p38MAPK水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,西药组、中药各剂量组大鼠一般生存状况改善明显,血清中TNF-α含量下降,IL-4含量明显升高,尤以中药高剂量组和西药组疗效显著(P<0.05)。结论化浊清解愈溃煎高、中剂量可改善UC大鼠一般生存状况,并通过调节血清中IL-4含量,下调TNF-α表达水平和结肠组织中p38MAPK蛋白表达水平而达到保护结肠黏膜和治疗UC的作用。     

超声造影联合血清CEA、CA72-4对卵巢良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的价值

目的:探讨超声造影联合血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原72-4（CA72-4）对卵巢良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的价值。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年6月本院肿瘤科收治的128例卵巢肿瘤患者进行研究，进行超声造影和血清CEA、CA72-4水平检测，观察超声造影、CEA、CA72-4及联合检测对卵巢良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的价值。结果:在良性肿瘤组中超声造影符合率为72.92%，恶性肿瘤组中超声造影符合率为75.00%，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；恶性肿瘤组患者血清CEA、CA72-4水平高于良性肿瘤组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；恶性肿瘤组超声造影、CA72-4检测阳性率均高于良性肿瘤组（P<0.05），两组血清CEA检测阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），三者联合检测阳性率高于单项指标检测（P<0.05）；通过ROC曲线分析显示，CEA的AUC为0.644，诊断灵敏度为31.25%，特异性为82.29%，CA72-4的AUC为0.702，诊断灵敏度为40.63%，特异性为79.17%，二者联合检测的AUC为0.785，诊断敏感性为56.25%，特异性为73.96%；三项指标单独检测，超声造影检测的灵敏度、阳性预测率、阴性预测率、诊断准确度及误诊率最高，CEA检测的特异性、漏诊率最高，三者联合检测的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测率、阴性预测率、诊断准确度最高，漏诊率、误诊率最低。结论:超声造影联合血清CEA、CA72-4检测较单独检测诊断效能高，对卵巢良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断有较高参考价值。     

Clinical Implication of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Backgrounds: Toll-like receptors 2; 4 (TLR2;4) are an essential component of the innate immunity and play an important role in immune-surveillance and immune response to various microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the association between TLR2 and TLR4 polymorphism and the risk of acquiring severe infections, and impact on AML patient’s outcome. Subjects and methods: Using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP); we analyzed three SNPs in the TLR2 (Arg753Gln) and TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) in 120 AML patients and 100 healthy control subjects. Results: No significant differences in genotype or alleles frequency between healthy controls and AML patients regarding TLR2 Arg753Gln, TLR4 Asp299Gly and TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphisms (P>0.05 for all). Neutropenic fever was detected in 110 out of 120 (91.7%) of the studied AML patients. The sepsis and pneumonia were identified in 20 out of 120 patients (16.7%). The incidence of sepsis was associated with TLR2 Arg753Gln: AG genotypes, A allele and TLR4 Asp299Gly: CT genotype and C allele as compared to other genotypes and alleles. Moreover; TLR2 (Arg753Gln) GG polymorphisms significantly associated with shortest overall survival (OS) and shortest disease-free survival (DFS); while TLR4 polymorphisms affect the DSF only but not OS. In AML patients TLR2 Arg753Gln gene polymorphism is associated with high susceptibility to sepsis and TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) gene polymorphism is associated with high susceptibility for both pneumonia; and sepsis. Conclusion: TLR2 Arg753Gln (AG; GG genotype) polymorphisms are associated with shortest OS and DFS. Moreover; significant association between TLR2 polymorphisms, TLR4 Arg753Gln polymorphisms and risk of severe infections in AML patients was documented.     

Mdm2: Open questions

The Mdm2 oncoprotein and its association with p53 were discovered 30 years ago, and a cornucopia of activities and regulatory pathways have been associated with it. In this review, we will raise questions about Mdm2 and its cousin Mdm4 that we consider worth pursuing in future research, reaching from molecular structures and intracellular activities all the way to development, evolution, and cancer therapy. We anticipate that such research will not only close a few gaps in our knowledge but could add new dimensions to our current view. This compilation of questions contributes to the preparation for the 10th Mdm2 Workshop in Tokyo.     

丝穗金粟兰化学成分研究

目的对丝穗金粟兰Chloranthus fortunei的化学成分进行研究。方法利用多种色谱分离方法和波谱学鉴定方法对丝穗金粟兰中的化学成分进行了分离鉴定,并借助MTT法对其中得到的部分化合物进行了抗肿瘤活性的初步筛选。结果从丝穗金粟兰95%乙醇提取物中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为迷迭香酸(1)、2′-羟基-4,3′,4′,6′-四甲氧基查耳酮(2)、卡瓦胡椒素A(3)、cycloshizukaol A(4)、白术内酯III(5)、4β-hydroxy-8,12-epoxyeudesma-7,11-diene-1,6-dione(6)、(8α)-6,8-dihydroxycadina-7(11),10(15)-dien-12-oic acidγ-lactone(7)、curcolonol(8)、11-hydroxyldrim-8,12-en-14-oic acid(9)、木栓酮(10)、异香草酸(11)、6β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one(12)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(13)、莽草酸(14)、东莨菪苷(15)以及N-acetyltyramine 1-O-β-D-glucoside(16)。化合物4和5表现出微弱的细胞毒作用,半数抑制浓度(IC50)值在46～85μmol/L。结论化合物2、10、11、13～15为首次从金粟兰属植物中获得,化合物1～3、6～16为首次从丝穗金粟兰中分离得到。丝穗金粟兰中部分倍半萜显示出弱的抗肿瘤活性。