胰腺内分泌肿瘤细胞成分的免疫组织化学观察及其对肿瘤起源的探讨

目的探讨胰腺内分泌肿瘤的生物学起源。方法应用链菌素亲生物素－过氧化物酶标免疫组织化学技术（Ｓ－Ｐ法）对５２例胰腺内分泌肿瘤（胰岛素瘤３２例，非功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤２０例）瘤细胞内胰岛素、胰高血糖素、舒血管肠肽、生长抑素、胃泌素、Ｐ一物质、促肾上腺皮质激素、绒毛膜促性腺激素及５－羟色胺等９种激素或激素类物质的分布进行了观察。结果６５。５％（１３／２０）的非功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤的细胞具有合成与低存激素的功能．３２．７％（１７／５２）胰腺内分泌肿瘤可含有分泌异位激素的细胞，６３．５％（３３／５２）的胰腺内分泌肿瘤是由多种内分泌细胞所构成。结论支持胰腺内分泌肿瘤是由胰腺内分泌于细胞起源的理论。     

Inhibition of insulin secretion,but normal peripheral insulin sensitivity,in a patient with a malignant endocrine pancreatic tumour producing high amounts of an islet amyloid polypeptide-like molecule

Summary Islet amyloid polypeptide or amylin is a polypeptide secreted mainly from the pancreatic beta cells together with insulin upon stimulation. High levels of islet amyloid polypeptide have also been shown to increase the peripheral insulin resistance and consequently a role for islet amyloid polypeptide in the glucose homeostasis has been suggested. We have studied the glucose homeostasis in a patient with a malignant endocrine pancreatic tumour producing large amounts of an islet amyloid polypeptide-like molecule (about 400 times the upper reference level for islet amyloid polypeptide). This patient developed insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus shortly after the tumour diagnosis. Both intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests revealed inhibited early responses in insulin and C-peptide release, but the insulin and C-peptide response to glucagon stimulation was less affected. Aneuglycaemic insulin clamp showed normal insulin-mediated glucose disposal. In vitro experiments, where isolated rat pancreatic islets were cultured with serum from the patient, showed a moderately decreased islet glucose oxidation rate and glucose-stimulated insulin release compared to islets cultured with serum from healthy subjects. However, culture of rat islets with normal human serum supplemented with synthetic rat islet amyloid polypeptide did not affect the glucose-stimulated insulin release. In conclusion, the observed effects show that the diabetic state in this patient was associated with an impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release but not with an increased peripheral insulin resistance. Thus, the results suggest that if islet amyloid polypeptide has diabetogenic effects they are more likely to be exerted at the level of insulin secretion than at the level of peripheral insulin sensitivity.     

性早熟女童血清中环境内分泌干扰物水平研究

[目的]了解女童血清中环境内分泌干扰物（EEDs）的水平及其与性早熟的关系。[方法]采用病例对照研究,以2011年杭州市某儿童医院内分泌科确诊为性早熟的女童219人为病例组,杭州市4所小学的健康女童271人为对照组,采用超高效液质联用技术测定女童血清中有机氯农药DDT的代谢产物DDE和20种邻苯二甲酸酯（DEHP、DBP、DIDP、DIBP、DNOP、DHXP、DEP、DAP等）,及其4种代谢产物（MEHP、MBP、MEP等）,以及2种洗涤剂的降解产物（4-OP、4-NP）和双酚A,共28种EEDs的含量。采用多元线性回归方法分析检出的EEDs与女童性早熟的相关性。[结果]病例组和对照组血清中检出14种EEDs,其中两组DDE、DEHP、DIBP、DBP、DIDP、MBP检出率均较高（50%～100%）。病例组DNOP（χ2=30.191,P〈0.001）和DIDP（χ2=71.100,P〈0.001）检出率显著高于对照组。病例组血清中DDE、DEHP、DNOP含量明显高于对照组（Z值分别为8.350、3.435、5.487,P〈0.001）;而DEP、DAP、DIBP、DBP、DHXP、MEHP、MBP、MEP含量则明显低于对照组（Z值分别为4.389、9.290、5.592、2.962、4.703、5.384、3.607、3.650,P〈0.01）;多元回归显示,DNOP（b=0.128,P〈0.001）和DDE（b=0.357,P〈0.001）的含量与性早熟呈正相关,而DAP（b=-0.183,P〈0.001）和MEP（b=-0.055,P〈0.01）的含量与性早熟呈负相关。[结论]两组女童血清都检出EEDs,DDE、DNOP的水平升高可能与女童性早熟的发生相关,DEP、DAP、DIBP、DBP、DHXP、MEHP、MBP、MEP存在低检出水平。     

Verification of responses of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to anti‐androgens,vinclozolin and flutamide,in short‐term assays

Various testing methods for the detection of the endocrine disruptive activities of chemicals have been developed in freshwater fish species. However, a few relatively easier specific methods for detecting anti‐androgenic activities are available for fish. The aim of this study was to verify the papillary process in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as an indicator of the anti‐androgenic activity of chemicals. Japanese medaka were exposed to two types of anti‐androgenic compounds, vinclozolin and flutamide, using two short‐term assays; one was conformed to the existing short‐term reproduction assay using adult fish (adult test) and the other was a test based on the same methods but using juvenile fish at the beginning of exposure (juvenile test). Significant decreases in male papillary processes were observed in the juvenile test treated with the highest concentration of both antiandrogens (640 µg l^–1 vinclozolin and 1000 µg l^–1 flutamide); however, no significant effects were observed in the adult test. Consequently, our results indicate that papillary processes in Japanese medaka can be used as the end‐point for screening the anti‐androgenic activity of chemicals using juvenile fish for a specific period based on the existing short‐term reproduction assay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青春期 PCOS的超声特征与内分泌指标的相关性分析

目的：探讨青春期多囊卵巢综合征（ PCOS ）患者超声特征与内分泌指标的相关性。方法选择2011年1月至2013年12月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心妇科内分泌专科诊治的青春期PCOS患者35例作为病例组,同期选择30例健康青春期女性作为对照组。经直肠超声检查测量卵巢卵泡数、卵巢体积,并检测相关内分泌指标：空腹测血糖（ FPG）、血浆胰岛素（ FINS）、黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素与卵泡刺激素的比值（LH/FSH）、游离睾酮（FT）、性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）。结果病例组平均卵巢体积（9．4±3．8 m^3）较对照组（5．1±1．9 m^3）明显增大,差异具有统计学意义（ t＝2．37,P＜0．05）;病例组的FPG、FINS、LH、FT高于对照组,FSH、SHBG低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（ tFPG ＝1．94、tFINS ＝2．35、tLH ＝3．14、tFT ＝2．33,P＜0．05;tFSH ＝2．86、tSHBG ＝4．12,P＜0．05）;青春期PCOS患者卵巢卵泡数与LH/FSH呈正相关（r＝0．28,P＜0．05）,与FT浓度呈正相关（r＝0．32,P＜0．05）;青春期PCOS患者卵巢体积与LH/FSH呈正相关（r＝0．22,P＜0．05）,与FPG浓度呈正相关（r＝0．30,P＜0．05）。结论青春期PCOS患者与健康青春期女性超声特征及内分泌指标具有一定的差异,其超声特征与内分泌指标之间存在一定的相关性。     

孕期健康和环境暴露对牙发育的影响

牙发育是复杂信号网络调控的牙源性上皮和神经嵴来源牙源性间充质之间交互作用的结果,遗传因素及环境因素在此过程中均发挥重要作用。母体是胎儿生长发育的主要载体,孕期母体健康和环境暴露对胎儿和儿童牙发育具有较大影响。本文根据不同类型的孕期母体环境因素,重点从环境内分泌干扰物、多种化学物质的联合作用及母体健康等三个方面对胎儿和儿童牙发育的关键问题进行综述,探讨了孕期环境因素在釉质发育缺陷、磨牙切牙矿化不全、氟牙症、多生牙及先天性缺牙等牙发育异常中的作用,为从生命早期预防牙发育异常、评估牙发育异常风险、进行牙发育相关咨询、促进儿童口腔健康管理提供理论依据。     

Zearalenone,an Estrogenic Mycotoxin,Is an Immunotoxic Compound

The aim of this study was to assess the toxic effects of zearalenone (ZEA) on the immune function. Ovariectomised rats were treated daily by gavage with 3.0 mg/kg of ZEA for 28 days. Body weight gain, food consumption, haemotological parameters, lymphoid organs, and their cellularities were evaluated. Moreover, acquired immune responses and macrophage activity were also assessed. ZEA promoted reduction in body weight gain, which is not fully explained by diminished food consumption. Despite no effect on haematological parameters, ZEA caused thymic atrophy with histological and thymocyte phenotype changes and decrease in the B cell percentage in the spleen. With respect to acquired and innate immune responses, no statistically significant differences in delayed-type hypersensitivity were noticed; however, in the ZEA-treated rats, antibody production and peroxide release by macrophages were impaired. The observed results could be related to ZEA activity on ERs; thus, ZEA is an immunotoxic compound similar to estrogen and some endocrine disruptors.